厕所幽默并不好笑 Toilet humor is no laughing matter

What did one toilet say to the other toilet?

一个马桶对另一个马桶说了什么？

You look flushed.

你看上去好激动。

What do you call a bathroom superhero?

你如何称呼一个浴室英雄？

Flush Gordon.

飞侠哥顿

Toilet humor, certainly, but it is no laughing matter. In 2017, just 45 percent of the global population (3.4 billion people) used clean sanitation, according to the World Health Organization.

这些当然只是玩笑话，不过一点也不可笑。世界卫生组织称，截至2017年，仅有45%的全球人口，即34亿人，享有干净的公共卫生。

Two billion people still do not have basic sanitation facilities. Of these, about 670 million still defecate in the open, often  in street gutters, behind bushes or into open bodies of water. This also concerns people who have access to safe waste disposal as at least 10 percent of the world's population is thought to consume food irrigated by wastewater.

二十亿人仍然没有基本的公共卫生设施。其中大约6.7亿人依然在街边、树丛或者水中解手，而至少有10%的全球人口食用被污染的水源制作的食物。

This comes at a cost, a high cost. Inadequate sanitation is estimated to cause 432,000 deaths annually and is a major factor in tropical diseases, including intestinal worms and trachoma. Poor sanitation also contributes to malnutrition. If that death toll (50 deaths an hour) was caused by war or conflict there would be international outrage.   

这种情况导致了高昂的代价。卫生问题每年导致432万人死亡，也是热带地区疾病的主要原因，包括肠道蠕虫和沙眼。糟糕的卫生环境还会导致营养不良。如果战争导致了同等数量的死亡（每小时50人），国际社会一定会感到愤怒。

Providing facilities is not just about facts and figures, it is now a basic right. In 2010, the UN General Assembly recognized access to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right, and called for international efforts to help countries to provide safe, clean, accessible and affordable drinking water and sanitation.

提供卫生设施不仅是事实和数据，还是基本的权力。2010年，联合国大会认定拥有安全干净的饮用水和卫生条件是基本人权，呼吁国际社会努力协助各国提供安全、干净、可获取和可负担的饮用水和卫生环境。

Diarrhea remains a major killer and it is largely preventable. Better water, sanitation, and hygiene could prevent the deaths of nearly 300,000 children aged under 5 years each year.

腹泻一直是主要致死原因，同时也在很大程度上可以避免，更好的水源和卫生条件每年可避免将近30万五岁以下儿童死亡。

Open defecation perpetuates a vicious cycle of disease and poverty. The countries where open defection is most widespread have the highest number of deaths of children in this age bracket as well as the highest levels of malnutrition and poverty, and large disparities of wealth.

露天排便会导致疾病和贫穷的恶性循环。在露天排便最普遍的国家里，五岁以下儿童的死亡率最高，营养不良率和贫穷程度也是最高，贫富差距巨大。

Providing better facilities would not just be money well spent, it would be a smart business decision, you could say an excellent bottom line. A WHO study in 2012 calculated that for every $1 invested in sanitation, there was a return of $ 5.50 in lower health costs, more productivity, and fewer premature deaths.

但更好的卫生环境不仅需要资金投入，还需要好的决策。2012年世界卫生组织的调查显示，每当有一美元投入到卫生建设中去，就会得到5.5美元的回报，包括更低的健康成本、更高的生育率和更低的早逝率。

In 2013, the UN Deputy Secretary-General issued a call to action on sanitation that included the elimination of open defecation by 2025. Achieving universal access to a basic drinking water source appears within reach, but universal access to basic sanitation will require additional efforts.

联合国副秘书长在2013年呼吁在2025年消灭露天排便情况。实现基本的饮用水源目标已指日可待，但实现基本的卫生环境还需要更多努力。

President Xi Jinping recognizes the urgency and has stressed the need to upgrade China's facilities. The "toilet revolution" he launched in 2015 was initially aimed at building better facilities at tourist sites.

习近平主席明确这一目标的紧迫性，强调升级中国卫生系统。他在2015年提出的“厕所革命”旨在旅游地区建立更好的设施。

"The toilet issue is no small thing, it's an important aspect of building civilized cities and countryside," Xi said in a front-page article. "This work must be a concrete part of advancing our country's revitalization strategy and we must make great efforts to fill these shortcomings that affect the quality of life of the masses."  

习近平指出，厕所问题不是小事情，是城乡文明建设的重要方面。要把这项工作作为乡村振兴战略的一项具体工作来推进，努力补齐这块影响群众生活品质的短板。

According to Chinese media, between 2015 and 2017 the National Tourism Authority was able to get the Ministry of Finance to allocate $ 254 million to subsidize toilet construction. Local authorities then invested a further $ 2.9 billion of their own budgets into toilets over the same period. In November 2017, the NTA announced that 68,000 toilets had already been constructed or upgraded, exceeding its original target by nearly 20 percent. The target for 2020 is 64,000.

中国媒体报道称，在2015年至2017年，国家旅游管理机构获得了财政部拨款2.54亿美元完善公厕建设，同时地方政府又投入29亿美元。在2017年11月，旅游管理机构宣布已修建升级6.8万个公厕，超出预期将近20%。