试听180秒【语法】09-Adjective Clauses (2) 定语从句

09-Adjective Clauses (2)定语从句

语法框架图

定语从句：

1.定语从句中连词的省略

2.定语从句翻译的三个规则

1. 定语从句中连词的省略

定语从句中，被修饰的名词在从句中作宾语时，常常可以省略连词

⑴I can't find the book that I bought last month.

可省略连词that:I can't find the book I bought last month.

⑵It is becoming increasingly common to hear people talk about the social obligations that companies have.

可省略连词that:It is becoming increasingly common to hear people talk about the social obligations companies have.

⑶Tasks which people once had to do on their own can be completed by specialists.

可省略连词which:Tasks people once had to do on their own can be completed by specialists.

⑷Music is something that accompanies us throughout our lives.

⑸This is the classroom where we met each other.

2.定语从句翻译的三个规则

⑴当定语中出现了动词时，可以将该定语部分翻译成限定性定语从句。

①被胜利者书写的历史存在着偏见。

History that is written by winners contains bias.

②广告往往夸大人们面临的问题。

Advertisements usually overstate the problems that people are faced with.

③游客带来的有害细菌和病毒会杀死当地野生动物。

Harmful bacteria and virus that tourists bring can kill local wildlife.

④孩子正处在身体快速成长的关键时期。

Children are in a critical period when their bodies grow rapidly.

⑵当汉语中包含：“在这里”“在那里”等，指代前文中提到的地点时， 可以用where引导的非限定性定语从句来翻译

①孩子可能买更多的垃圾食品在校外，在那他们的行为不受控制。

Children may purchase more junk food outside of school, where their behavior is beyond control.

②下一步发生在熔炉里，在这里瓶子转化成了液态玻璃

The next step takes place in a furnace, where bottles are converted into liquid glass.

⑶当句子以：代词“这”指代前一句话，开头时可以用，which引导的非限定性定语从句来翻译

①很多顾客购买这些产品为了获得身份认同感， 这让他们在生活中浪费金钱。

Many consumers buy these products to gain a sense of identity, which causes them to waste money in daily life.

②化肥导致河流或湖泊中氧流失，这对鱼类和其他的野生动物有害

Fertilizer leads oxygen to lose in rivers and lakes, which has a negative effect on fish and other wildlife in the water.

③历史是由胜利者书写的，这意味着任何一本史书里都可能存在偏见

History is written by winners, which means that any history book may contain bias.

作业：

判断下列从句中的连词是否可以省略

⑴I believe that it is more beneficial for students to continue their studies.

⑵Students should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology.

⑶By forcing students to choose a particular subject, governments can ensure that any knowledge and skill gaps in the economy are covered.

⑷Bank account management is a simple skill that anyone can learn by opening a bank account.

⑸In reality,the number of students on any subject depends on applications that the institution receives.

⑹It is true that money is necessary for people to meet their basic needs.

⑺For instance, artists and musicians are known for choosing a career path that they love.

⑻The argument in favour of higher prices for foreign tourists would be that cultural or historical attractions often depend on government subsidies to keep them going.

翻译练习：

①取得了明显的进步的学生也该被授予奖学金。

(award sb with scholarships)

②吃素会降低由肥胖引起的疾病的概率。

(obesity)

③参加社区服务会占据学生可以花在核心科目上的时间。

(core subject)

④广告让人们更深入地了解不同类型的产品，这让他们做更好的决定。

(have a deep understanding of sth)

⑤长期的失业会让人们失去希望， 这将导致他们犯罪

⑥一旦孩子上了学校，他们就进入了一个崭新的世界，在这个世界里，老师和同龄对他们的影响巨大。(brave new world)

⑦全球化会促使富国的公司转移到某些发展中国家，那里原材料价格更低。

(raw materials)