试听180秒【语法】05-Adverbial Clauses 状语从句

05-Adverbial Clauses 状语从句
上节课作业答案：
however, besides, in addition, moreover, then, therefore, also, for example, in contrast, as a result, thus , meanwhile, on the other hand
它们都是副词属性，不是连词，都不可以连接两句话。
错误例句：This is a simple process, however, there are dangers.

语法框架图

状语从句
⒈ 状语从句的基本介绍
⒉ 状语从句涉及的标点符号问题
⒊ 状语从句的翻译规则

⒈ 状语从句的基本介绍
⑴ 状语从句的定义
重点：一句话充当什么成分，这句话就叫什么从句

举例：
① History that is written by winners contains bias.
② The fact is that you are right.
③ I will go to the shop in an hour.
④ I will go to the shop when I finish my homework.
⑵ 状语从句的类型和连词
① 时间状语从句
② 原因状语从句
③ 目的状语从句
④ 结果状语从句
⑤ 条件状语从句
⑥ 让步状语从句

重点：
状语从句的连词后边接完整的句子，另外它们有实际意思，引导什么类型的状语从句，就表达什么意思

举例：
①时间状语从句: when, after, before, since, until
When lazy students whine, the teacher will throw chalks at their heads.
You have to wait until I give you a signal.
②原因状语从句：because ,as
Because most criminals will be let out of prison, our focus should be on making them better citizens.
We asked Henry to come with us as he knew the road.
③目的状语从句: so that (目的是), in order that
Laboratory mice are usually given an illness so that the effectiveness of a new drug can be testified.
④结果状语从句 so...that, such...that, so that(结果)
Henry was so angry that he kicked the wall hard.
Nina is such a generous person that she is often short of money.
Children are surrounded by too many tempting objects so that they are not able to focus on any one game for a decent length of time.
⑤条件状语从句: if , once
If parents could raise their children to be considerate of others, the whole community would benefit.
Once bottles are collected, they will be transported to a cleaning plant.
⑥让步状语从句: although, while， even if,
Although animal experiments might be morally wrong, it is a necessary evil.

总结：
简洁版：
①表时间：when, after, before, since (自从)
②表原因：as, because
③表目的：so that, in order that
④表结果：so...that,such...that, so that
⑤表条件：if , once
⑥表让步：although, while, even if

完整版：
①表时间： when（在…时）, as（当…时）, while（在…期间）, as soon as（一……就……）, before（在…之前）, after（在...之后）, since（自从...以来） , not...until（直到…才） until/till(直到…时）等
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant（ 瞬间，顷刻）, immediately , directly（不久，立即）, no sooner … than（一...就...）, hardly …when（刚一...就...） , scarcely … when（刚...就.../一...就...）,as soon as(一…就…)。
②表地点：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
③表原因：because, since, as,
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
④表目的：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose of , to the end that
⑤表结果：so...that,such...that, so that
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that
⑥表条件：if, unles, once
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that,, on condition that
⑦表让步：though, although, even if, even though while
特殊引导词：no matter …， in spite of the fact that

⒉ 状语从句涉及的标点符号问题
基本原则：
⑴当连词在句首时，主从两句话之间，需要用逗号隔开。
⑵当连词在句中时，主从两句话之间，不用逗号

举例：
When lazy students whine, the teacher will throw chalks at their heads.
I will eat my broccoli after I eat this cookie.
错误句子：Although I love pizza I rarely eat it.

⒊ 状语从句的翻译规则
基本原则：
⑴先确定简单句和连词个数
⑵再按照简单句的翻译规则逐句翻译

举例：
①政府应该给这个项目投钱，因为这不再是单个家庭的问题了。
②孩子的注意力会变差，如果他们被太多诱人的东西包围的话。
③尽管我们知道手机的副作用，我们正在变得过度依赖它们，因为它们非常诱人。

答案：
①The government should invest in this program because this is no longer a problem for individual families.
②A child´s concentration span may suffer if they are surrounded by too many attractive objects.
③Although we know the side effects of mobile phones, we are becoming overly dependent on them because they are extremely tempting.

作业：
⑴如果一个女孩子是最好的候选者，因为性别拒绝她显然是不对的
⑵一定量的动物实验是合理的，当大量的人类因此被拯救的话
⑶电视节目和电影中的暴力内容应该被审查，目的是模仿暴力犯罪会被降低。
censor
⑷黑暗骑士里小丑太受欢迎了，以至于社会中很多暴力犯罪和他有关。
Joker
⑸即使让警察带枪会导致枪支的不合理使用，但为了社会安全他们应该配枪。
be equipped with

答案：
⑴If a female student is the best candidate, it is surely wrong to reject her because of gender.
⑵A certain amount of animal research can be justified if a large number of human lives are saved.
⑶TV programs and movies with violent content must be censored so that copycat violent crimes will be reduced.
⑷The Joker in The Dark Knight is so popular that many violent crimes have been associated with this cinematic villain in society.
⑸ Even if allowing police officers to carry guns may cause the improper use of guns, they should be equipped with guns in order to create a safer society.