The science of laziniess[福说英语][19-5-15]

播音&编辑&后期：岳静静

Hello everyone, welcome to English Panorama. This is Krystal, I’m so happy to see you again.

 好久不见，我又回来啦，唉我最近真的是太忙了，很少有时间休息，真想找几天出去闲逛，什么都不做的感觉超好的。我发现啊，无论是躲避工作还是逃避体育活动，我们都有这种想偷懒的时候，但是为什么有的人比其他人更懒呢？会不会有一种所谓的“懒人基因呢？

一些科学家就对这个现象做了研究，一起来听听吧~

Evolution has molded our brains and bodies to respond positively to natural rewards such as food ，sex and even exercise. The pleasure we experience comes largely from the dopamine system in our brain which conveys these messages throughout the body, ultimately helping to ensure the survival of our species.

进化过程塑造我们的大脑和身体对食物、运动等自然反馈给出积极的反应。我们经历的愉快感主要来自大脑中的多巴胺系统，通过身体传递这些信息，最终确保我们的种族得以生存。

For many, the pleasure derived from exercise can become just as addictive as food and sex. But while we’re all up for more food and sex, many struggle with the desire for physical activity, even though it's an essential part of human biology. Scientist studying mice have found an interesting genetic connection.

对许多人来说，从运动中获得的快乐像食物一样上瘾。但是在我们渴望更多食物的时候，许多人则不想参加体育活动，尽管这是人类生物学的必要部分。科学家对老鼠进行研究，发现了有趣的基因联系。

After separating mice into two groups -those that chose to run on their wheel more often and those that decided not to run as much-the difference was clear in their offspring. After 10 generations the running mice would run on their wheels 75% more often than the other group, and by 16 generations they were running 7 miles a day as opposed to the average 4 miles. It seemed their motivation for physical activity was genetic.

他们把老鼠分成两组，一些更经常奔跑，另一些则不那么喜欢跑动—它们的后代差异非常明显。10代以后，喜欢跑动的老鼠比另外一组老鼠跑动的多75%。16代以后，喜欢跑动的老鼠每天跑7英里，而另外一组每天跑4英里。看上去，他们运动的动机似乎是基因决定的。

We all inherit genes from our parents that play a key role in the development of our brains and these genes can make some literally crave activity. In fact, the brains of the running mice had larger dopamine systems and regions that deal with motivation and reward.

我们都从父母那里遗传在大脑发育中发挥关键作用的基因，这些基因会让一些人渴望运动。

实际上，跑动的老鼠的大脑拥有更大的多巴胺系统和脑区，用来处理动机和回报。

They needed activity, otherwise their brains would react similar to drug addicted rodents when deprived of . They were genetically addicted to running

它们需要活动，否则，它们的大脑做出的反应就像有毒瘾的啮齿动物被剥夺了一样。它们从的基因决定它们对奔跑上瘾。

We also inherit genes responsible for our other traits from impulsivity, to procrastination, to work ethic and straight up laziness.

我们也继承了负责其他性格个点的基因—从冲动，拖拉，职业道德到懒惰。

Okay, let’s focus on the latest news.

A landmark UN report is warning that humans are rapidly destroying the natural world upon which our health and economies depend. In the largest study of its kind, scientists found that a million species are facing extinction over the coming decades, mainly because of human activity

一份具有里程碑意义的联合国报告警告称，人类正在迅速摧毁我们的健康和经济所依赖的自然环境。在这份规模最大的研究中，科学家发现由于人类的活动，在未来几十年内，有一百万物种将面临灭绝。

The chief un scientist on biodiversity Robert Watson, says halting the degradation of our

ecosystems will require a fundamental reorganization in the way people produce and

consume almost everything.

联合国生物多样性研究首席科学家罗伯特·沃森说，抑制生态系统的退化将需要对人们生产以及消费等几乎所有方式进行根本性的改革。

He says decades of pillaging and poisoning forests, oceans, soil and air threaten society at least as much as climate change. We are losing species at an unprecedented rate. We are losing our forests our wetlands our grasslands again at a historic rate. And the problem is it not only threatens nature, it threatens food security, energy security and water security. It threatens human well-being.

他表示，人们数十年来对森林、海洋、土壤和空气的掠夺和破坏对社会造成的威胁不比气候变化少。物种正在以前所未有的速度消失。我们正以历史性的速度再次失去我们的森林、湿地和草原。问题是它不仅威胁到自然，还威胁到粮食安全、能源安全和水域安全，最终将威胁人类的福祉。

Okay, that is all today , this is Krystal, see you next time.好啦，今天的节目就到这里，拜拜~