二十届三中全会《决定》04

十一、健全保障和改善民生制度体系

XI. Ensuring and Improving the People’s Wellbeing

在发展中保障和改善民生是中国式现代化的重大任务。必须坚持尽力而为、量力而行，完善基本公共服务制度体系，加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，不断满足人民对美好生活的向往。

Ensuring and enhancing the people’s wellbeing in the course of development is one of the major tasks of Chinese modernization. In line with the principle of doing everything within our means, we will refine the systems of basic public services, with the focus on providing inclusive services, meeting essential needs, and providing a cushion for those most in need. We will strive to resolve the most practical problems that are of the greatest and most direct concern to the people so as to meet people’s aspirations for a better life.

（42）完善收入分配制度。构建初次分配、再分配、第三次分配协调配套的制度体系，提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。完善劳动者工资决定、合理增长、支付保障机制，健全按要素分配政策制度。完善税收、社会保障、转移支付等再分配调节机制。支持发展公益慈善事业。

(42) Improving the income distribution system

We will build an institutional framework under which primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution are well coordinated and mutually complementary. We will work to raise the share of personal income in the distribution of national income and give more weight to work remuneration in primary distribution. We will improve the mechanisms for determining wages, ensuring that they are increased at a reasonable rate and that they are paid in full, and refine the policy system for distribution based on factors of production. We will improve the redistribution mechanisms such as taxation, social security, and transfer payments. We will support the development of public interest activities and charities.

规范收入分配秩序，规范财富积累机制，多渠道增加城乡居民财产性收入，形成有效增加低收入群体收入、稳步扩大中等收入群体规模、合理调节过高收入的制度体系。深化国有企业工资决定机制改革，合理确定并严格规范国有企业各级负责人薪酬、津贴补贴等。

We will keep income distribution and the means of accumulating wealth well-regulated, open more avenues for urban and rural residents to increase their property incomes, and put in place systems to effectively boost the incomes of low-income earners, steadily expand the size of the middle-income group, and properly regulate excessive incomes. We will further reform the salary-setting mechanism for SOEs and rationally determine and strictly regulate the remuneration standards, allowances, and benefits for SOE executives at all levels.

（43）完善就业优先政策。健全高质量充分就业促进机制，完善就业公共服务体系，着力解决结构性就业矛盾。完善高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体就业支持体系，健全终身职业技能培训制度。统筹城乡就业政策体系，同步推进户籍、用人、档案等服务改革，优化创业促进就业政策环境，支持和规范发展新就业形态。完善促进机会公平制度机制，畅通社会流动渠道。完善劳动关系协商协调机制，加强劳动者权益保障。

(43) Improving the employment-first policy

We will develop sound mechanisms for promoting high-quality and full employment, refine the related public services system, and work hard to tackle structural unemployment. We will improve the system of employment support for key groups such as college graduates, rural migrant workers, and ex-service members and the system of lifelong vocational skills training. We will coordinate urban and rural employment policies, simultaneously advance service reforms related to household registration, human resources, and personnel records, improve the policy environment to boost employment by encouraging business startups, and support and regulate the development of new forms of employment. We will improve the systems and mechanisms for promoting equality of opportunity and see that the channels for social mobility are unimpeded. We will refine the mechanisms for labor relation consultations and mediation and do more to safeguard workers’ rights and interests.

（44）健全社会保障体系。完善基本养老保险全国统筹制度，健全全国统一的社保公共服务平台。健全社保基金保值增值和安全监管体系。健全基本养老、基本医疗保险筹资和待遇合理调整机制，逐步提高城乡居民基本养老保险基础养老金。健全灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员社保制度，扩大失业、工伤、生育保险覆盖面，全面取消在就业地参保户籍限制，完善社保关系转移接续政策。加快发展多层次多支柱养老保险体系，扩大年金制度覆盖范围，推行个人养老金制度。发挥各类商业保险补充保障作用。推进基本医疗保险省级统筹，深化医保支付方式改革，完善大病保险和医疗救助制度，加强医保基金监管。健全社会救助体系。健全保障妇女儿童合法权益制度。完善残疾人社会保障制度和关爱服务体系。

(44) Improving the social security system

We will improve the system for unified national management of basic old-age insurance funds and the unified national platform for social insurance public services. We will develop sound systems for ensuring that social security funds are kept safe through supervision and their value is maintained and increased over time. We will refine the mechanisms for financing basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance and for adjusting the benefits of both as appropriate. Basic pension benefits for rural and non-working urban residents under the basic old-age insurance scheme will be raised gradually. We will build a sound social security system to serve people in flexible employment, rural migrant workers, and those in new forms of employment and expand the coverage of unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, and childbirth insurance programs. We will see to it that all restrictions preventing people from accessing social security in the places where they work but do not hold permanent residency are lifted and that policies for transferring social security accounts are improved. We will move faster to develop a multi-tiered, multi-pillar old-age insurance system, expand the coverage of the annuity system, and promote the implementation of private pension schemes. We will leverage various commercial insurance schemes as a supplementary support. We will work toward provincial-level unified management of basic medical insurance funds, further reform medical insurance payment models, improve major disease insurance and medical assistance schemes, and tighten oversight over medical insurance funds. We will improve the social assistance system, the system for protecting the lawful rights and interests of women and children, and the social security and service systems for people with disabilities.

加快建立租购并举的住房制度，加快构建房地产发展新模式。加大保障性住房建设和供给，满足工薪群体刚性住房需求。支持城乡居民多样化改善性住房需求。充分赋予各城市政府房地产市场调控自主权，因城施策，允许有关城市取消或调减住房限购政策、取消普通住宅和非普通住宅标准。改革房地产开发融资方式和商品房预售制度。完善房地产税收制度。

We will move faster to establish a housing system that supports both housing rentals and purchases and foster a new development model for the real estate sector. We will scale up the building and supply of government-subsidized housing to meet the essential need of salaried people for a home to live in. We will also work to support the diverse needs of urban and rural residents for better housing. Municipal governments will be given greater decision-making powers to regulate the real estate market, and based on local conditions, some cities will be permitted to abolish or reduce restrictions on housing purchases and to scrap relevant standards for ordinary and non-ordinary housing. We will carry out reforms to change the way real estate development is financed and to improve the advance purchase system for commodity housing. Improvements will also be made to the taxation system in the real estate sector.

（45）深化医药卫生体制改革。实施健康优先发展战略，健全公共卫生体系，促进社会共治、医防协同、医防融合，强化监测预警、风险评估、流行病学调查、检验检测、应急处置、医疗救治等能力。促进医疗、医保、医药协同发展和治理。促进优质医疗资源扩容下沉和区域均衡布局，加快建设分级诊疗体系，推进紧密型医联体建设，强化基层医疗卫生服务。深化以公益性为导向的公立医院改革，建立以医疗服务为主导的收费机制，完善薪酬制度，建立编制动态调整机制。引导规范民营医院发展。创新医疗卫生监管手段。健全支持创新药和医疗器械发展机制，完善中医药传承创新发展机制。

(45) Further reforming the medical and healthcare systems

We will implement a health-first strategy. We will improve the public health system, promoting public participation as well as collaboration and integration between hospitals and disease prevention and control institutions and boosting capacities for disease monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, testing and inspection, emergency response, and medical treatment. We will support coordinated development and governance of medical services, medical insurance, and pharmaceuticals. We will do more to increase the availability of quality medical resources and see that such resources are channeled toward the community level and more evenly distributed among regions. We will move faster to develop the tiered diagnosis and treatment system, propel the development of tightly knit medical consortia, and upgrade the services of community-level medical and healthcare institutions. We will deepen the reform of public hospitals to see that they better serve the public interest, establish mechanisms whereby medical expenses are primarily based on medical services, improve the remuneration system, and set up a mechanism for making dynamic staffing adjustments. We will guide and better regulate the development of private hospitals and introduce new approaches in the supervision of medical and healthcare services. We will improve the mechanisms for supporting the development of innovative drugs and medical equipment and for promoting the preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine.

（46）健全人口发展支持和服务体系。以应对老龄化、少子化为重点完善人口发展战略，健全覆盖全人群、全生命周期的人口服务体系，促进人口高质量发展。完善生育支持政策体系和激励机制，推动建设生育友好型社会。有效降低生育、养育、教育成本，完善生育休假制度，建立生育补贴制度，提高基本生育和儿童医疗公共服务水平，加大个人所得税抵扣力度。加强普惠育幼服务体系建设，支持用人单位办托、社区嵌入式托育、家庭托育点等多种模式发展。把握人口流动客观规律，推动相关公共服务随人走，促进城乡、区域人口合理集聚、有序流动。

(46) Improving the systems for supporting population development and providing related services

We will improve the population development strategy in response to population aging and the declining birth rate. A sound system will be instituted to provide full life-cycle population services to all in order to promote high-quality population development. We will refine the policy system and incentive mechanisms for boosting the birth rate and strive to build a childbirth-friendly society. We will work to bring down the costs of childbirth, parenting, and education, refine parental leave policies, introduce a system of childbirth subsidies, improve basic public services for childbirth and pediatric medical care, and further raise the childcare-related deduction for personal income tax. We will make greater efforts to develop a public-benefit childcare service system and provide support for employer-run nurseries, community childcare facilities, and home-based childcare. Based on the general patterns underlying population flows, we will see that public services follow the movement of populations and facilitate the reasonable concentration of people in and their orderly flow between urban and rural areas and different regions.

积极应对人口老龄化，完善发展养老事业和养老产业政策机制。发展银发经济，创造适合老年人的多样化、个性化就业岗位。按照自愿、弹性原则，稳妥有序推进渐进式延迟法定退休年龄改革。优化基本养老服务供给，培育社区养老服务机构，健全公办养老机构运营机制，鼓励和引导企业等社会力量积极参与，推进互助性养老服务，促进医养结合。加快补齐农村养老服务短板。改善对孤寡、残障失能等特殊困难老年人的服务，加快建立长期护理保险制度。

To actively respond to population aging, we will refine the policies and mechanisms for developing elderly care programs and industries. We will develop the silver economy and support the creation of diverse jobs tailored to elderly people. In line with the principle of voluntary participation with appropriate flexibility, we will advance reform to gradually raise the statutory retirement age in a prudent and orderly manner. To boost the supply of basic elderly care services, we will develop community-based facilities, improve the operation mechanisms for public-run institutions, encourage and guide the participation of enterprises and other non-governmental actors in service provision, and promote mutual-aid elderly care and the integration of medical care and elderly care. We will work faster to shore up weaknesses in rural elderly care services. We will also see to it that better services are provided for elderly people with special difficulties including those who live alone, have disabilities, or suffer from physical impairment, and accelerate the introduction of insurance schemes for long-term care.

十二、深化生态文明体制改革

XII. Deepening Reform in Ecological Conservation

中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。必须完善生态文明制度体系，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，积极应对气候变化，加快完善落实绿水青山就是金山银山理念的体制机制。

Chinese modernization is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. We must work to improve ecological conservation systems and make concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development, and boost economic growth. We must actively respond to climate change and move faster to improve the institutions and mechanisms for applying the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.

（47）完善生态文明基础体制。实施分区域、差异化、精准管控的生态环境管理制度，健全生态环境监测和评价制度。建立健全覆盖全域全类型、统一衔接的国土空间用途管制和规划许可制度。健全自然资源资产产权制度和管理制度体系，完善全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理机制，建立生态环境保护、自然资源保护利用和资产保值增值等责任考核监督制度。完善国家生态安全工作协调机制。编纂生态环境法典。

(47) Improving the basic systems for ecological conservation

We will implement region-specific environmental management systems featuring differentiated, targeted regulation and improve the systems for environmental monitoring and assessment. We will establish sound, united, well-aligned systems for regulating the use of territorial space of all types across the country and for approving territorial space plans. To improve the property rights and management systems for natural resource assets, we will refine the mechanism for the delegation of ownership over public-owned natural resource assets and establish systems for assessing and supervising performance in terms of protecting the environment, protecting and utilizing natural resources, and ensuring that natural resource assets hold their value and appreciate. We will improve the coordination mechanism for ensuring national ecological security. An environmental code will be compiled.

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