7月11日午间英语新闻：愤怒对身体的伤害远超你想象

Anger does a lot more damage to your body than you realize

愤怒对身体的伤害远超你想象

Anger is bad for your health in more ways than you think.

愤怒会损害你的健康，而且危害程度超出你的想象。

Getting angry doesn’t just hurt our mental health, it’s also damaging to our hearts, brains and gastrointestinal systems, according to doctors and recent research. Of course, it’s a normal emotion that everyone feels—few of us stay serene when a driver cuts us off or a boss makes us stay late. But getting mad too often or for too long can cause problems.

医生和最近的研究都指出，愤怒不仅会影响心理健康，还会伤害心脏、大脑和肠胃系统。当然，愤怒是一种人人都会有的正常情绪，当司机强行超车或者老板让我们加班的时候，很少有人能保持完全的平静。但是，经常发火或者生气的时间太长都会带来健康问题。

There are ways to keep your anger from doing too much damage. Techniques like meditation can help, as can learning to express your anger in healthier ways.

有很多方法可以控制愤怒，避免它对你造成太大伤害。冥想之类的放松技巧可以起到帮助，学会更健康地表达愤怒情绪也很重要。

 One recent study looked at anger’s effects on the heart. It found that anger can raise the risk of heart attacks because it impairs the functioning of blood vessels, according to a May study in the Journal of the American Heart Association.

最近的一项研究调查了愤怒对心脏的影响。研究发现，愤怒会增加心脏病发作的风险，因为它会损害血管的功能。该研究发表在5月份的《美国心脏病学会杂志》上。

 Researchers examined the impact of three different emotions on the heart: anger, anxiety and sadness. One participant group did a task that made them angry, another did a task that made them anxious, while a third did an exercise designed to induce sadness.

研究人员检测了三种不同情绪（愤怒、焦虑和悲伤）对心脏的影响。参与者被分成三组，分别执行会诱发愤怒、焦虑和悲伤情绪的任务。

The scientists then tested the functioning of the blood vessels in each participant, using a blood pressure cuff to squeeze and release the blood flow in the arm. Those in the angry group had worse blood flow than those in the others; their blood vessels didn’t dilate as much.

然后，科学家用血压计通过挤压和释放手臂的血流来测量每位参与者的血管功能。结果显示，愤怒组的血液流动比其他两组更差，他们的血管扩张力更差。

 "We speculate over time if you’re getting these chronic insults to your arteries because you get angry a lot, that will leave you at risk for having heart disease,” says Dr. Daichi Shimbo, a professor of medicine at Columbia University and lead author of the study.

该研究的主要作者、哥伦比亚大学医学教授新保大地（音译）博士推测：“如果经常生气，导致血管长期受损，就会增加患心脏病的风险。”

Doctors are also gaining a better understanding of how anger affects your GI system.

医生们也逐渐了解了愤怒如何影响肠胃系统。

When someone becomes angry, the body produces numerous proteins and hormones that increase inflammation in the body. Chronic inflammation can raise your risk of many diseases.

人生气时，身体会产生大量的蛋白质和激素，增加体内的炎症。慢性炎症会增加患许多疾病的风险。

The body’s sympathetic nervous system—or “fight or flight” system—is also activated, which shunts blood away from the gut to major muscles, says Stephen Lupe, director of behavioral medicine at the Cleveland Clinic’s department of gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition. This slows down movement in the GI tract, which can lead to problems like constipation.

克利夫兰诊所胃肠病科、肝病科和营养科的行为医学主任斯蒂芬·卢皮解释说，愤怒会激活身体的交感神经系统，也就是“战斗或逃跑”系统，这会导致血液从肠道流向主要肌肉。这会减缓胃肠道的运动，从而导致便秘等问题。

In addition, the space in between cells in the lining of the intestines opens up, which allows more food and waste to go in those gaps, creating more inflammation that can fuel symptoms such as stomach pain, bloating or constipation.

此外，肠道内衬细胞之间的间隙会扩大，允许更多的食物和废物进入这些间隙，从而产生更多的炎症，并引发胃痛、腹胀或便秘等症状。

Anger can harm our cognitive functioning, says Joyce Tam, an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. It involves the nerve cells in the prefrontal cortex, the front area of our brain that can affect attention, cognitive control and our ability to regulate emotions.

芝加哥拉什大学医学中心精神病学和行为科学助理教授乔伊斯·塔姆说，愤怒会损害我们的认知功能。它会影响大脑前额叶的神经细胞，前额叶是大脑的前面区域，负责注意力、认知控制和调节情绪的能力。

Anger can trigger the body to release stress hormones into the bloodstream. High levels of stress hormones can damage nerve cells in the brain’s prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, says Tam.

塔姆博士说，愤怒会促使身体向血液中释放压力荷尔蒙。高水平的压力荷尔蒙会损害大脑前额叶和海马体的神经细胞。

Damage in the prefrontal cortex can affect decision-making, attention and executive function, she adds.

她补充说，前额叶受损会影响决策能力、注意力和执行功能。

The hippocampus, meanwhile, is the main part of the brain used in memory. So when neurons are damaged, that can disrupt the ability to learn and retain information, says Tam.

海马体是大脑中主要负责记忆的部分，因此神经元受损会破坏学习和保留信息的能力。

重点单词：

hippocampus

英/ ˌhɪpəˈkæmpəs /  美/ ˌhɪpəˈkæmpəs /

n.海马体；马头鱼尾兽（希腊神话中的生物）

Word of the day丨a resolution on enhancing international cooperation for AI capacity building

每日一词|加强人工智能能力建设国际合作决议

The 78th UN General Assembly reached a consensus by adopting a resolution spearheaded by China on enhancing international cooperation for artificial intelligence (AI) capacity building, with over 140 countries saying yes.

第78届联合国大会协商一致通过中国主提的加强人工智能能力建设国际合作决议，140多国参加决议联署。

【知识点】

中国提出的加强人工智能能力建设国际合作决议强调人工智能发展应坚持以人为本、智能向善、造福人类的原则，鼓励通过国际合作和实际行动帮助各国特别是发展中国家加强人工智能能力建设，增强发展中国家在人工智能全球治理中的代表性和发言权，倡导开放、公平、非歧视的商业环境，支持联合国在国际合作中发挥中心作用，实现人工智能包容普惠可持续发展，助力实现联合国2030年可持续发展议程。

2023年10月，中国领导人宣布提出《全球人工智能治理倡议》，为全球人工智能发展与治理指明了方向。该决议作为联合国首份关于人工智能能力建设国际合作的决议，充分反映了《全球人工智能治理倡议》和全球发展倡议的核心要义，顺应了广大会员国特别是发展中国家的热切期待，体现了对多边主义和联合国的积极支持，是在联合国平台践行人类命运共同体理念的又一重大举措。

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