“不洋气”的小土狗，竟是老祖宗秦始皇、苏轼的爱犬…

 主播：Flora（中国）+ Erin（美国）

 歌曲 ：Happy

今天我们来聊一聊——“小狗”。越来越多的人开始养不同品种的狗狗了，但是你知道“狗”除了用“dog”之外，还有哪些词吗？

主播Erin家中有一只巧克力拉布拉多犬（chocolate labrador），这只拉布拉多是她15岁时收到的生日礼物。Her name is Thalia and she is Erin’s favorite person in the whole world. 这只拉布拉多很喜欢swimming and playing fetch（游泳和玩飞盘）。 

Erin often takes her on hikes (带她去远足) and she will be so happy her tail wags (摇尾巴) the entire time.

主播Flora虽然没养狗，但是她也很喜欢狗。前一段时间她沿着青岛的海岸线city walk（城市漫步）的时候，还看到好多的人牵着他们的狗狗出来遛弯。They’re so cute!

1. 不同种类的狗用英语怎么说？

（1）金毛巡回犬（Golden Retriever）

Retriever是巡回犬。They are traditionally (先前) used to bring back（带回） birds and animals that their owners（主人） have shot（射击）.

（2）哈士奇（Siberian Husky）

哈士奇这个名字是从Husky这个词音译过来的。至于为什么是“Siberian”Husky，是因为哈士奇是生活在西伯利亚（Siberia）的一种犬种。如果觉得这个名字太长了，直接说Husky也是可以的。

（3）德国牧羊犬（German Shepherd）

Shepherd本身也有牧羊人的意思，所以德国牧羊犬就叫German Shepherd。

（4）柴犬（Shiba Inu）

Shiba Inu是从日语音译过来的。It is an older Japanese dog.

（5）柯基犬（Corgis）

They are known for (因......而出名) their little butts (屁股) moving when they walk. 柯基犬还因为四肢很短被人们取外号叫“小短腿”。

（6）贵宾犬（Poodles）

A lot of people in China have poodles. 说贵宾犬可能大家不大熟悉，但是如果说“小泰迪”肯定都不陌生。其实“泰迪”只是贵宾犬的一种造型名称，并不是所有的贵宾犬都叫泰迪。Only poodles that look as cute as a teddy bear (像泰迪熊一样可爱的贵宾犬) when trimmed (修剪) can be called “泰迪”.

2. 中国的本土狗，你知道多少？

为我们大家所熟知的本土狗就是中华田园犬（Chinese Rural Dog）。

In May (在五月), a Chinese Wu Hei Dog (五黑犬) won third place (荣获第三名) in a dog beauty pageant (选美比赛) organized by China Kennel Union (中国光彩事业促进会犬业协会). 这个比赛是由China Kennel Union（简称CKU）举办的，它是世界犬业联盟（简称FCI）在中国地区的唯一正式成员。

•rural /ˈrʊrəl/ adj. 农村的，乡村的

•kennel n. 养狗场

FCI is an international institution (国际机构) of the same nature as (和......有相同性质) international organizations (国际组织) such as the WTO (世界贸易组织) and the WHO (世界卫生组织).

The CKU now has full authority (权威) over purebred dog management (管理纯种犬) in China, and is under the authority of the FCI (被FCI授权) to breed and manage (培育和管理) the purebred breeds (纯种犬) it recognizes.

•recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 承认

至于刚才我们说的参赛的“五黑犬”，为什么叫这个名字呢，就是这种狗头黑、尾黑、脚黑、舌头也黑。Some say never lose your Wu Hei Dogat night. Because they're so dark that you can't spot (注意到) them at night (因为他们太黑了，一到晚上你就很难发现他们).

Wu Hei Dog belongs to the Chinese native dog breed (中国本土犬种), the Chinese Rural Dog(中华田园犬).

Because of the glitz and glamor (浮华和魅力) of exotic breeds (外来犬种) that have been introduced in large numbers (大量引入), the Chinese Rural Dog is now discriminated against (被歧视) and considered not to be a breed (并且被认为不能作为一种犬种).

或许因为他们不娇贵、好养活，又或许因为人们有一些奇奇怪怪的攀比心理。中华田园犬（the Chinese Rural Dogs）并没有得到人们足够的重视。现在更多的人选择一些名贵的外来犬种来养，而不是这种“小土狗”。

很多人觉得中华田园犬不气派、牵出去没有面儿。但据说秦始皇一统中原（unified the Central Plains）的时候牵着的就是这种狗。

•unify v.（使）联合，（使）统一

此外，史记里面记载秦朝丞相李斯被赵高陷害、处斩之前，他对次子就说：“吾欲与若复牵黄犬俱出，上蔡，东门逐狡兔，岂可得乎！”我原本还想和你再次牵着大黄狗，一起出上蔡东门去追兔子呢，可惜办不到了。He must have missed the time (怀念那段时光) when they had a big yellow dog with them at the time.

还有，苏东坡的词里面写到“老夫聊发少年狂，左牵黄，右擎苍”。这里的“黄”就指的就是用于行猎的田园犬。

So the Chinese Rural Dog plays an important role (起着重要的作用) in the lives of the people. They're good helpers and companions (好帮手和好伙伴).

除了中华田园犬，藏獒（Tibetan Mastiff）、松狮（Chow Chow）、西施犬（Shih Tzus）也都是中国本土的狗品种。

3. 想养狗？别急，这些你先了解一下

They all have their own little personalities（自己的小性格）.

其实，狗狗也有自己的MBTI的。Labrador Retrievers (拉布拉多犬) are friendly and outgoing (友好外向), much like an ENFJ (主人公) personality type.

Shiba Inus(柴犬) are independent and reserved (内向独立), similar to an INTJ (建筑师). 真的很难看出来，小柴犬这么一副阳光开朗的外表下竟然装着一个孤独又倔强的灵魂！

If you are thinking about getting a dog, it would be good to do some research (做一些调查) on their temperament (性情) before. If you have kids for example, it is important to get a patient dog (如果家里有小孩，最好要一只有耐心的狗).

还有，这个狗它掉毛严不严重啊、体型大不大呀、是中小型犬还是大型犬，这可能就关系到它的食量——一顿饭能吃多少了。

Large dogs (大型犬) are generally very energetic (都很有活力). They get excited when they go outdoors and love to run wild (当他们去户外时，他们很兴奋，喜欢狂奔).

Once they run, if you have very little strength (如果你力气很小), you will definitely not be able to pull them (绝对拉不动它们), and sometimes they can even take people away (有时甚至把人带走). That could be dangerous.

4. 狗在中西方文化中不同的含义

In traditional Western culture (传统西方文化), dogs are often seen as loyal (忠诚的), diligent (勤奋的), and great companions (很好的伙伴). 比如，"lucky dog"指的是幸运的人（fortunate person），"top dog"指的是成功的人（successful person），而"work like a dog"形容的是工作非常努力的人。

In Chinese, people often use words with "dog" to describe bad people (坏人) or disdainful things (让人鄙视的事情), such as 狗腿子 (a bootlicker).

•disdainful /dɪsˈdeɪnfl/ adj. 轻蔑的

However, there are also positive idioms (积极的成语) like “犬马之劳” (愿意为别人效劳), and “犬不夜吠” (形容社会治安很好).

From a language point of view (从语言的角度), it is quite interesting how it reflects (反应) the values and views culturally(文化的价值和观点). And this is a topic that can definitely go much deeper relating to the history, traditions, everything is related (这是一个绝对可以更深入地讲到关于历史，传统以及一切相关事物的话题).

5. 狗对现代人生活的影响

It feels like a lot of people have dogs and cats now (感觉现在很多人都有了猫狗), even younger people who are less stable (甚至也有不是很稳定的年轻人).

Flora doesn’t have any pets yet, but she would like to get a Golden Retriever very much (但是她很想养一只金毛). They are warm and intelligent (既暖心又聪明). She feels sure she'll enjoy its company (享受它的陪伴).

其实现在有很多人养狗也是因为能从他们身上获取到很多情绪价值。Pets can provide psychological benefits (心理上的益处)，比如情感支持(emotional support)、减轻压力(reducing stress)和对抗孤独(combating loneliness).

And they also help facilitate social interactions(促进社交) and build connections (建立联系). You can meet many people by joining clubs (加入俱乐部), walking your dog (遛狗) things like that! It is easy to connect!

•facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v. 促进

两个遛狗的人碰上了估计能聊很久。比如，你家的狗吃的多不多呀、你家的狗拆不拆家呀...... It also helps you find a lot of things to talk about in common (共同的事).

For young people, you can go on so many adventures (去冒险) with your dog, go running, hiking (徒步旅行), etc.

And for older people, if they are alone, they feel less lonely (可以不那么孤独). They can get out of the house (走出房子), walk the dog (遛狗), meet people (见一些新朋友). 这对他们的身心健康也有好处。

6. 生命是平等的，汪星人也想要一个爱它的家

养狗也是一份很大的责任（it is a lot of responsibility）。在决定养狗之前，一定要确保（make sure）自己有能力照顾它们。现在有很多狗狗被遗弃，让人心痛（it breaks our heart）。

狗狗小时候确实很可爱，但它们也会长大、变老。如果真的到了那一天，希望你也可以像当初他们陪着你一样陪伴着他们。

So before you buy a dog, make sure you really are ready to make that commitment (确保你自己准备好作出承诺). Erin takes this opportunity to raise awareness (借此机会提高人们对保护狗狗的意识) for this because she really loves dogs.

•commitment n. 承诺

And it breaks her heart to see abused and abandoned dogs (看到虐狗和弃狗会让她心痛).

Flora would also like to make it clear (阐明) that although the word "dog" has some derogatory connotations in traditional Chinese culture (虽然“狗”这个词在中国传统文化中带有一些贬义的含义), this does not prevent us from loving and protecting dogs (但这并不妨碍我们爱护和保护狗). 

•derogatory /dɪˈrɑ:ɡətɔ:ri/ adj. 贬低的

哪里都有爱犬人士，但是虐狗、弃狗的现象也无处不在。

She said that she is not a dog owner, but maybe she will have a dog (她虽然现在不养狗，但是可能以后会养一只). Even if she doesn’t have one in the future (即使以后她也没有狗狗), she still join Erin today (她仍然和Erin一起) in calling for (提倡) the protection and kindness of dogs (保护和善待狗狗), because she believes that life is equal (生命是平等的). 希望狗狗不再有高低贵贱之分，希望每只狗狗都能找到真正爱它的家。

请留言告诉我们：

你家里有狗狗吗？或者你想养一只狗吗？欢迎和我们分享你和狗狗的有趣故事！