下载每日英语听力APP,解锁双语字幕及更多学习功能!
There are some shark species that seem to do okay in aquariums.中英文稿
部分种类的鲨鱼即使放在水族馆里也能够生存下去。
You'll see a lot of nurse sharks, zebra sharks, some reef sharks and sand tiger sharks.
我们可以看到很多护士鲨、斑马鲨、礁鲨及虎鲨。
But not the great white.
但是就是没有大白鲨。
For decades, aquariums have tried to contain the world's largest predatory fish.
几十年来,各家水族馆试图容纳世界上最大的捕食性鱼类。
Institutions like Marineland, SeaWorld and the Steinhart Aquarium repeatedly took in white sharks during the 1970s, 80s and 90s, at times drawing huge crowds.
像佛罗里达州的水上乐园、海洋世界和旧金山的斯坦哈特水族馆这些机构在 1970、1980 和 1990 年代都反覆引进大白鲨,有时吸引了很多人潮。
But they never lasted long.
但是这些大白鲨都没有活很长的时间。
Some needed help swimming.
有些无法自在地游泳。
None of them would eat.
而且它们都不吃东西。
The longest one lasted was just 16 days.
活得最长的一只大白鲨也只活了 16 天。
A 1984 report by the Steinhart Aquarium put it this way:
斯坦哈特 1984 年有篇报导是这样的:
"In most cases it could be said that all these captive sharks were merely in the process of dying, with some taking longer than others."
“大部分的情况下,可以这么说,这些被俘虏的鲨鱼都只是在经历濒临死亡的过程,虽然有些是会活得比其他只久一些。”
They had constructed an elaborate transport tank with a harness and IV fluids, but still couldn't keep the sharks alive.
水族馆的人建造了一个配备有安全线束和静脉输液的精密输液槽,但是仍然无法维持这些鲨鱼的生命。
It wasn't until 2004 that the Monterey Bay Aquarium proved that it was possible to keep white sharks for at least six months.
一直到 2004 年,蒙特利湾水族馆证明了,维持大白鲨的生命至少 6 个月。
It took a massive effort, and no one's done it since.
是有可能的,这花费了很大的心力,而且从那之后也没人成功过。
Our approach was one of sort of a systematic, logical sequence of things leading up to our success and it started with designing a tank.
导引我们成功的方法是系统化的、一连串的逻辑事物,从设计水槽开始。
The Monterey Bay Aquarium had a million-gallon, egg-shaped tank, 35 feet deep, designed for open-ocean animals like tuna and sharks.
蒙特利湾水族馆拥有一个 100 万加仑的蛋形水槽,它有 35 英尺深,是专门为了像鲔鱼和鲨鱼等,这些开放水域的动物设计的。
So you need a big tank.
所以需要一个大型水槽。
You also need a small shark.
你也需要一只小型的鲨鱼。
Adult great whites reach 15 feet on average.
成年的大白鲨平均会长到 15 英尺。
The Monterey Bay Aquarium nabbed one in 2004 that was 4 feet, 4 inches, less than a year old.
2004 年时,蒙特利湾水族馆捕获了一只长 4 呎 4 吋,不到 1 岁的大白鲨。
That made it easier to move and easier to keep.
这个水槽对它而言易于运动,也容易维持生命。
When they're young they feed on fish.
当大白鲨年轻时,可以喂它鱼类。
And as they get older they transition to feeding more on mammals.
当它们越来越大,就要转为喂它们较多的哺乳类。
And so we were targeting the age bracket where we knew we were more able to feed their natural diet.
于是我们注重鲨鱼的年龄分级,这样我们可以知道什么年龄层可以喂食天然的食物。
And once they collected the shark, they didn't take it straight to the aquarium.
一旦集合了这些鲨鱼,它们并不会直接被带到水族馆。
Instead, the Monterey Bay team set up a 4 million gallon pen right there in the ocean.
取而代之的是,蒙特利湾水族馆在海洋里建造了一个 400 万加仑的围栏。
That way they could monitor the shark and see if it would feed before they moved it into a transport tank to travel from southern California where the sharks were born up to the aquarium.
这样工作人员可以监视这些鲨鱼,并且检视鲨鱼从它们的出生地南加州进入运输槽到水族馆前,是否有吃东西。
Sharks, like all fish, need to have water continually passing through their gills in order to get oxygen.
鲨鱼其实就像所有鱼类一样,需要有水不断经过它们的鳃,来获得氧气。
Most species can open and close their mouths to pump the water through.
大部分的物种可以透过开口与闭口的方式将水运送通过鳃。
But white sharks and a couple dozen other species don't do that.
和其他几十种物种并不这样做。
To breathe, they have to move forward through the water with their mouths open.
它们必须在水中向前移动,并将嘴巴张开。
That's why white sharks start to weaken as soon as they're caught in a net.
这也是大白鲨被网子捕获后开始变得虚弱的原因。
And that's why they needed a custom built transport tank for mobile life support.
这也是研究人员必须客制化配备机动生命维持运输槽的原因。
Everything from oxygen sensors and video cameras and lighting and filtration systems that were needed for what turned out to roughly be 9 to 11 hour transport time.
运输槽里的氧气侦测仪、摄录像机,及照明和过泸系统,都必须维持大约 9 至 11 小时的运输时间。
Aquarium attendance jumped 30 percent while the shark was on display.
开始展示鲨鱼后,水族馆的来客率跃升了百分之 30。
After 6 and a half months, they decided to release it because it had killed 2 other sharks.
6 个半月后,水族馆人员决定放了这只大白鲨,因为它杀死了其他 2 只鲨鱼。
Over the next 6 years, the aquarium displayed 5 more baby white sharks - some they paid
接下来的 6 年,水族馆还展示了 5 只小白鲨 - 有些是水族馆付钱给渔民得来的,
fishermen to hand over, some they caught themselves.
有些是小白鲨自己跑进来的。
Their stays ranged from just 11 days up to 5 months.
它们停留的时间在 11 天到 5 个月不等。
The Monterey Bay Aquarium had succeeded in doing what no one else could.
蒙特利湾水族馆成功地做到了其他人做不到的事。
But it did take a toll on the sharks.
但是这样的确对鲨鱼造成了伤害。
They developed visible sores from bumping into the sides of the tank.
它们碰撞水槽的侧边,在身体上造成了伤口。
SEAN VAN SOMMERAN: We actually snuck in with photographers and took pictures of the sharks as they were beginning to attrit and fail due to the constant scraping against the walls basically.
事实上,我们的摄影师潜入水中拍摄鲨鱼因长期摩擦槽壁,而逐渐开始衰弱的模样,如同我们所看到的。
As we viewed it, it was a vase of flowers that would be kept for the visitors.
这就像是留给游客观赏的一盆花一样。
Historically, aquariums kept sharks that lived near the seabed or near reefs.
历年来,水族馆都会保存住在海床或靠近珊瑚礁的鲨鱼。
That makes sense - it's easier to recreate those habitats in a tank.
这是有意义的 - 因为这样可以使得在水槽中重建这些栖息地变得比较简单。
But in recent decades, aquariums have wanted to bring in bigger,
但是,近十年来,水族馆一直想引进更大、
more pelagic sharks, those that spend time roaming the open ocean.
更高阶的鲨鱼,那些长时间在开阔水域漫游的鲨鱼。
They've even been able to exhibit the largest shark in the world, the whale shark, if they have a big enough tank.
这个水族馆如果有够大的水槽,甚至能够展示世界上最大的鲨鱼——鲸鲨。
But pelagic sharks are used to being able to swim long distances without obstructions, changing directions only as they please.
但是高阶的鲨鱼习惯于长时间在没有障碍物的环境下,能够随心所欲地改变方向游泳。
So the faster-moving sharks like the white shark, mako shark, and blue shark, they have trouble with walls when they're put in a tank.
所以像大白鲨、灰靖鲨和蓝鲨这些移动快速的鲨鱼,在水槽内生活时,槽壁就成为了它们的障碍物。
That's what was happening with the Monterey Bay Aquarium's sixth white shark in 2011.
这正是 2011 年蒙特利水族馆第 6 只大白鲨所遇到的状况。
They decided to release it after 55 days and its tracking tag revealed that the shark died shortly after being released.
55 天后,水族馆人员决定放了这只大白鲨,而它身上的追踪标签显示,这只鲨鱼在被释放后不久就死了。
They're not sure why.
没有人知道为什么。
But since then, they haven't tried bring in another great white shark.
自从那时候开始,他们不再试图引进其他的大白鲨。
JON HOECH: It's just a very very very resource-intensive program and we felt like we had accomplished our goal of introducing the general public to a live white shark.
这是个资源极其密集的程序,而且我们觉得我们已经完成了我们的目标,成功地将活生生的大白鲨呈现在大众面前。
It took a huge, carefully planned system to keep a white shark alive.
维持大白鲨的生命需要很严谨且慎密计划的系统。
And even then, the sharks didn't quite fit there.
即使如此,还是无法让大白鲨完全适应。
We can't seem to stop trying though.
我们还是继续不停地尝试要找到一个方法。
Earlier this year, an 11.5-foot great white shark was taken to an aquarium in Okinawa, Japan after getting caught in a fisherman's net.
今年稍早的时候,有一只 11.5 英尺的大白鲨被渔夫的渔网抓到后,被带到日本冲绳的水族馆。
It was the only adult white shark ever to be put on display, and within 3 days it was dead.
这是唯一一只准备展示的成鲨但是不到 3 天它就死了。
还没有评论,快来发表第一个评论!