10月19日午间英语新闻：气候危机将推高欧洲啤酒价格 并让啤酒口感变差

>Revelations of financial fraud by Trump
特朗普财务欺诈行为遭曝光

Last week the New York District Court ruled that former US President Donald Trump had long been inflating the value of his assets to obtain benefits on bank loans, insurance premiums and tax. 
近日，美国纽约地方法庭裁定，美国前总统特朗普长期通过夸大资产价值，获取银行贷款、保险费以及税收优惠等。

According to an investigation report provided by New York State Attorney General Letitia James, Trump ignored or sidelined experts and relied on intuition to evaluate assets.
根据纽约州总检察长詹姆斯提供的调查报告，特朗普经常无视专家的数据，靠直觉夸大资产价值。

In 2011 and 2012, the Trump Organization claimed that a dozen Trump Park Avenue condominiums in New York were valued at $50 million. However, in 2020, this valuation was changed to $136 million; the investigation said that the true value should be $84.5 million.
2011年和2012年，特朗普集团表示纽约某处十几套公寓的估值为5000万美元。而2020年却改为1.36亿美元，调查指出，2020年该公寓的真实估值仅为8450万美元。

When Trump needed to value his Trump Tower apartment in 2010, he personally showed an appraiser around the unit for 15 minutes but ushered him out before the expert could take any measurements. Trump’s company then declared that the 11,000-square-foot unit measured 30,000 square feet, nearly three times its actual size.
2010年特朗普集团为旗下公寓估值，特朗普亲自带估价师在楼内参观了15分钟，当估价师准备测量公寓面积时被轰了出去。特朗普集团随后宣布公寓面积为3万平方英尺，而实际为1.1万平方英尺。

The report also said that Trump had provided non-professional financial statements to business partners and the statements were created by an entry-level employee a few years out of college with no professional accounting training.
报告指出，特朗普曾向商业伙伴提供非专业财务报表，制作报表的竟是一位刚从大学毕业、未受过专业会计培训的职场新人。

Trump at one point pretended to be a fake company spokesman named “John Barron” to push Forbes to raise its estimate of his net worth as part of the magazine’s regular rankings of wealthy individuals.
此外，特朗普还曾假扮集团发言人，以“约翰·巴伦”的假名要求《福布斯》杂志提高富豪排行榜上特朗普的身价。

After the court hearing on October 2, Trump told the media that he had done nothing wrong and that James’ investigation and lawsuit against him were entirely “political operations” aimed at damaging his presidential campaign.
10月2日的庭审结束后，特朗普对媒体表示他没有做任何错事，詹姆斯对自己的调查和诉讼完全是“政治操作”，目的是破坏其总统竞选活动。
重点词汇：
condominium
英/ ˌkɒndəˈmɪniəm /  美/ ˌkɑːndəˈmɪniəm /
n.共同统治；财产共有权；独立产权的公寓

appraiser
英/ əˈpreɪzə(r) / 美/ əˈpreɪzər /
n.鉴定人，评价人；估价官

>Climate crisis will make Europe’s beer cost more and taste worse
气候危机将推高欧洲啤酒价格 并让啤酒口感变差

Climate breakdown is already changing the taste and quality of beer, scientists have warned. The quantity and quality of hops, a key ingredient in most beers, is being affected by global heating, according to a study. As a result, beer may become more expensive and manufacturers will have to adapt their brewing methods.
科学家警告称，气候恶化已经在改变啤酒的味道和品质。研究指出，多数啤酒中的重要原料啤酒花的数量和品质正受到全球变暖的影响。啤酒可能会因此变得更贵，啤酒生产商也将不得不调整酿造方法。
 
Researchers forecast that hop yields in European growing regions will fall by 4-18% by 2050 if farmers do not adapt to hotter and drier weather, while the content of alpha acids in the hops, which gives beers their distinctive taste and smell, will fall by 20-31%.
研究人员预测，如果农民不调整种植策略来适应更加炎热干燥的天气，到2050年底前欧洲的啤酒花种植区将减产4%到18%，而啤酒花中赋予啤酒独特口感和气味的α酸含量也将减少20%到31%。
 
"Beer drinkers will definitely see the climate change, either in the price tag or the quality,” said Miroslav Trnka, a scientist at the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences and co-author of the study, published in the journal Nature Communications. “That seems to be inevitable from our data.”
该研究的合著者、捷克科学院全球变化研究所的科学家米罗斯拉夫·特兰卡称：“喝啤酒的人肯定会从价格标签上或啤酒品质上看到气候变化。从我们的数据来看，这似乎是无可避免的。”该研究发表在《自然-通讯》期刊上。
 
Beer, the third-most popular drink in the world after water and tea, is made by fermenting malted grains like barley with yeast. It is usually flavored with aromatic hops grown mostly in the middle latitudes that are sensitive to changes in light, heat and water.
啤酒用大麦等麦芽谷物加入酵母发酵制成，是世界上仅次于水和茶的最受欢迎的饮料。在啤酒中通常会加入啤酒花来增加芳香。啤酒花主要在中纬度地区种植，对光、热和水的变化十分敏感。
 
In recent years, demand for high-quality hops has been pushed up by a boom in craft beers with stronger flavors. But emissions of planet-heating gases are putting the plant at risk, the study found.
近年来，随着味道浓烈的精酿啤酒变得流行，人们对高品质啤酒花的需求也增加了。然而研究发现，温室气体的排放却对啤酒花构成了威胁。
 
The researchers compared the average annual yield of aroma hops during the periods 1971-1994 and 1995-2018 and found “a significant production decrease” of 0.13-0.27 tons per hectare. Celje, in Slovenia, had the greatest fall in average annual hop yield, at 19.4%.
研究人员对比1971-1994年间和1995-2018年间的香味啤酒花年均产量后发现，每公顷减产0.13至0.27吨，“产量显著下降”。斯洛文尼亚的采列市啤酒花年均产量降幅最大，达到19.4%。
 
In Germany, the second-biggest hop producer in the world, average hop yields have fallen 19.1% in Spalt, 13.7% in Hallertau and 9.5% in Tettnang, the study found.
研究发现，在世界第二大啤酒花产地德国，斯伯特地区的啤酒花年均产量下降了19.1%，哈勒陶地区下降了13.7%，泰特南地区下降了9.5%。
 
Beer-brewing in central Europe dates back thousands of years and is a cornerstone of the culture. The study found the alpha acid content of hops, which gives beer its distinct aroma, had fallen in all regions.
中欧的啤酒酿造有数千年历史，早已深深根植于文化当中。研究发现，中欧各地区啤酒花中赋予啤酒独特风味的α酸含量都下降了。
 
Andreas Auernhammer, a hop farmer in Spalt in southern Germany, said the total rainfall in his fields had changed little but now “the rain does not come at the right time”.
德国南部斯伯特地区的一名种植啤酒花的农民安德里亚斯·奥恩汉默表示，他的农田里总降雨量变化不大，但是现在“雨水来的不是时候”。
重点词汇：
hop
v.单脚跳行；齐足（或双足）跳行；快速移动，快速前往；登上（飞机、火车等）；（尤指搭乘飞机）短途旅行；换来换去；<非正式>速递，快运；用啤酒花调味
n.单脚跳；（鸟、小动物）双脚跳；短途旅行；忽布，啤酒花；舞会；霍普舞；毒品（尤指鸦片）