第1924期:How to Help Your Garden Get Through the Heat

Record-breaking heat is affecting plants in many places around the world. But gardening expert Jessica Damiano says selecting the right plants and a little care could save them. Damiano wrote recently that her tomato plants have not developed much in the past few weeks, but her flower garden is doing very well. Despite temperatures over 37 degrees Celsius in the New York area, Damiano said she has watered her flower garden just two times this summer.

破纪录的高温正在影响世界许多地方的植物。但园艺专家杰西卡·达米亚诺表示，选择合适的植物并稍加照顾就可以拯救它们。 达米亚诺最近写道，过去几周她的番茄植株没有长出多少，但她的花园却长得很好。尽管纽约地区的气温超过 37 摄氏度，达米亚诺说今年夏天她只给花园浇了两次水。

Damiano says that in extreme heat, and when that heat is dry, soil moisture evaporates quickly. Plants will turn to their own limited moisture storage when they need water. This requires them to use energy toward cooling and using water. This energy should be spent on growth, flowering, fruiting and reproducing. The stress often completely weakens the plant. When plants are native to an area, they naturally develop deep, large root systems. These systems permit the plants to reach distant sources of moisture when the nearby area dries out. Many foreign plants, including most plants that live for just one year, have root systems that are not deep. This means they must depend on the top few centimeters of soil for all of their water needs. When it dries up, so do they.

达米亚诺说，在极端炎热的情况下，当炎热干燥时，土壤水分会迅速蒸发。当植物需要水时，它们会求助于自己有限的水分储存。这要求他们使用能源来冷却和用水。这些能量应该用于生长、开花、结果和繁殖。压力通常会完全削弱植物。当植物原产于一个地区时，它们自然会发育出又深又大的根系。当附近区域干燥时，这些系统允许植物到达远处的水分来源。许多外来植物，包括大多数寿命仅一年的植物，其根系并不深。这意味着它们必须依靠表层几厘米的土壤来满足所有的水需求。当它干涸时，它们也会干涸。

To save water, money, and effort, Damiano suggests researching which plants are native to your area. Some native plants for Damiano’s New York area include yearly returning plants like bee balm, black-eyed Susan, and purple coneflower. But she also has some non-native plants that tolerate both the heat and dry weather. She keeps yearly returning plants, or perennials, in her beds, and plants that last one growing season, or annuals, in containers. Damiano says the flowering plant “Bounce” impatiens live up to their name in her containers. They bounce back from being weakened by a hot and dry day after being watered.

为了节省水、金钱和精力，达米亚诺建议研究哪些植物是您所在地区的原生植物。达米亚诺纽约地区的一些本土植物包括蜂胶、黑眼苏珊和紫色金光菊等一年生植物。但她也有一些能够耐受炎热和干燥天气的非本地植物。她将每年回归的植物或多年生植物放在她的床上，并将能持续一个生长季节的植物或一年生植物放在容器中。达米亚诺说，在她的容器中，开花植物“弹跳”凤仙花名副其实。浇水后，它们会从炎热干燥的一天的虚弱中恢复过来。

Plants like sedums, or stonecrop, are highly tolerant to dry, hot weather. This is because their leaves store moisture and release it as the plants need it. Other plants that can deal with heat include beardtongue, catmint, floss flower, lavender, and moss rose.When planting, Damiano says she always dusts root balls with fungi called mycorrhizae. It helps grow roots and helps plants deal with severe heat. She also treats her plants once a month with two products: a seaweed-containing fish mixture and a vitamin-hormone-kelp product.

景天或景天等植物对干燥、炎热的天气具有很强的耐受性。这是因为它们的叶子储存水分并在植物需要时释放水分。其他可以应对高温的植物包括须舌兰、猫薄荷、牙线花、薰衣草和苔藓玫瑰。达米亚诺说，在种植时，她总是在根球上撒上一种叫做菌根的真菌。它有助于根部生长并帮助植物应对酷热。她还每月用两种产品处理她的植物一次：一种含有海藻的鱼混合物和一种维生素-激素-海带产品。

Seaweed and kelp are plants that grow in water. They have been shown to help other plants in difficult environments. These additions also help plants grow quickly after dividing and transplanting. Finally, Damiano says the last addition is a good amount of mulch on top. Mulch not only keeps things looking clean, but it also helps to keep soil moisture and soil temperatures even. And it keeps unwanted plants from growing. Mulch can mean the difference between plant life and death when it gets hot.

海藻和海带是生长在水中的植物。它们已被证明可以帮助其他处于困难环境中的植物。这些添加物还有助于植物在分裂和移植后快速生长。最后，达米亚诺说最后添加的是顶部的大量覆盖物。覆盖物不仅能让东西看起来干净，而且还有助于保持土壤湿度和土壤温度均匀。它还可以防止不需要的植物生长。当天气变热时，覆盖物可能意味着植物的生与死。