6月19日午间英语新闻： “多巴胺穿搭”全网爆火 服装是打开快乐之门的关键

> Obesity changes the brain, experts say

研究：肥胖或将永久损害大脑传递饱足感的能力

Obesity may damage the brain’s ability to recognize the sensation of fullness and be satisfied after eating fats and sugars, a new study has found.

一项新研究发现，肥胖可能会损害大脑在人体摄入脂肪和糖分后传递饱足感的能力。

Further, those changes may last even after people considered medically obese lose a significant amount of weight — possibly explaining why many people often regain the pounds they lose.

而且，即使在肥胖患者减肥之后，大脑的这一改变可能仍会持续，这也许能解释为什么许多人在减肥后又胖回来。

As defined medically, people with obesity have a body mass index of over 30, while normal weight is considered to be a BMI between 18 and 25.

医学上定义的肥胖者身体质量指数超过30，而体重正常者的身体质量指数在18和25之间。

The study, published Monday in Nature Metabolism, was a controlled clinical trial in which 30 people considered medically obese and 30 people of normal weight were fed sugar carbohydrates, fats or water as a control. Nutrients were fed directly into the stomach via a feeding tube on separate days.

6月12日发表在《自然•代谢》期刊上的这项研究开展了临床对照测试，让30名肥胖患者和30名体重正常者摄入了糖类碳水化合物（葡萄糖）、脂肪（油脂）或水（作为对照）。每一组营养物在不同日期通过饲管直接输送到他们的胃里。

The night before testing, all 60 study participants had the same meal for dinner at home and did not eat again until the feeding tube was in place the next morning. As either sugars or fats entered the stomach via the tube, researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography to capture the brain’s response over 30 minutes.

在测试前一晚，60名研究参与者都在家中吃了同样的饭，直至次日早上使用饲管之前都不再进食。由于糖和脂肪都是通过饲管进入胃的，研究人员能够用功能性磁共振成像和单光子发射计算机断层扫描技术来捕捉大脑在30分钟内的反应。

In people with normal weight, the study found brain signals in the striatum slowed when either sugars or fats were put into the digestive system — evidence the brain recognized the body had been fed.

研究发现，体重正常者在糖或脂肪进入消化系统时大脑纹状体发出的信号会减慢，这证明大脑意识到身体已被喂食。

At the same time, levels of dopamine rose in those at normal weight, signaling the reward centers of the brain were also activated.

与此同时，体重正常者的多巴胺水平会上升，这意味着大脑的奖励中心也被激活了。

However, when the same nutrients were given via feeding tube to people considered medically obese, brain activity did not slow and dopamine levels did not rise.

然而，当同样的营养物通过饲管进入肥胖患者的胃里时，大脑活动并没有变慢，多巴胺水平也没有上升。

Next, the study asked people with obesity to lose 10% of their body weight within three months — an amount of weight known to improve blood sugars, reset metabolism and boost overall health.

接下来，研究人员让肥胖者在三个月内减掉10%的体重，减重10%据悉能够改善血糖，重置新陈代谢，提升整体健康水平。

Tests were repeated as before — with surprising results. Losing weight did not reset the brain in people with obesity.

然后研究人员又重复了先前的测试，结果令人惊讶。减肥并没有重置肥胖者的大脑。

Study organizers said more research is needed to fully understand what obesity does to the brain, and if the phenomenon is triggered by the fat tissue itself, the types of food eaten, or other environmental and genetic factors.

要充分了解肥胖到底对大脑产生了什么影响，这一影响是由脂肪组织本身还是摄入的食物种类，亦或是其他环境或遗传因素触发的，还有待更多研究。

> Dopamine-based fashion trend takes over

 “多巴胺穿搭”全网爆火 服装是打开快乐之门的关键

Dopamine is a chemical messenger in the brain that reinforces behaviors that make you feel good. That's why it's often called the "feel-good" hormone. The thinking behind “dopamine dressing” is wearing brightly colored clothes will boost your mood.

多巴胺是大脑中的一种化学信使，它会强化让你感觉良好的行为。这就是为什么它通常被称为“感觉良好”的激素。多巴胺穿搭强调穿颜色鲜艳的衣服可以改善情绪。

A video of a man named “Grandpa Kang” wearing a series of clothes with vivid color — from a pink tunic jacket to a green T-shirt to blue overalls — has already garnered more than 340,000 likes on social media lifestyle platform Xiaohongshu.

从粉色的束腰上衣到绿色的t恤到蓝色的工装裤，康康爷爷穿着一系列色彩鲜艳衣服的视频已经在社交媒体生活平台小红书上获得了超过34万个赞。

Fashion psychologist Dawnn Karen, who coined the term, swears by dopamine dressing as the key to unlocking happiness through clothing.

多巴胺穿搭一词是由时尚心理学家道恩•凯伦博士提出的。她坚信多巴胺穿搭是通过服装打开快乐之门的关键。

According to Carolyn Mair, a psychologist who developed an MA course in fashion psychology at the London College of Fashion, while there’s some evidence to suggest certain colors lift the mood, there are other factors at play as well. Color is culturally loaded. In the UK, for instance, black is worn for mourning; in China, it’s white.

在伦敦时装学院开设时尚心理学硕士课程的心理学家Carolyn Mair表示，虽然一些研究表明颜色会让人变得快乐，但这实际上取决于你如何看待这种颜色。颜色承载着文化。比如，在英国，人们认为黑色表示哀悼；在中国，白色表示哀悼。

"If you believe that wearing a certain color – it doesn’t need to be bright yellow, it could be black – lifts your mood … It’s a simultaneous wearing and believing that has been found to have significant results.”

“不是只有亮黄色的衣服才能让你快乐起来，黑色也可以……研究发现，只有当你相信穿某种颜色的衣服能让你心情好起来的时候，你才会真的快乐。”

The idea vivid colors will make us all feel happier is a bit too simplistic according to James Collett, a lecturer in psychology at RMIT University's School of Health and Biomedical Sciences. "The effect of bright clothing isn't something so automatic that we can simply put on a brighter shade than normal and immediately feel better about our day."

皇家墨尔本理工大学健康与生物医学科学学院心理学讲师James Collett认为，穿鲜艳颜色会让我们更快乐这一说法过于简单。“亮色衣服的效果并不是自动产生的。不是我们衣服穿得比平时更亮，心情就会马上好起来。”

"Reflect on your fashion choices, just as you would any other aspect of your life. If you're feeling good in certain outfits or pieces, that's great, keep doing it," Collett advises.

Collett博士建议，“像对待你生活中的其他事情一样思考一下你的穿衣选择。如果你穿某件衣服或单品感觉很好，那就一直穿着吧。”