The Eiffel Tower is 300.65m high, 34 meters if you include the antenna spire.
埃菲尔铁塔高300.65米,如果算上天线尖顶的话,就要再加34米。
That's over three times the height of Big Ben.
这可是大本钟高度的三倍还不止。
So how was the Eiffel Tower built and why?
那么埃菲尔铁塔是如何又因何而建造的呢?
For the World's Fair in Paris in 1889 a competition was launched to design a tower that would be the tallest structure in the world stretching 1000ft into the sky.
在1889年巴黎世界博览会上,一个旨在设计出世界最高塔的竞赛在这里举办,要求塔高1000英尺、直冲云霄。
Anyway, some engineers working under a guy called Gustave Eiffel came up with a plan to design a metal frame structure.
无论如何,在古斯塔夫·埃菲尔手下工作的一些工程师们构思出了一个金属框架结构的设计。
And probably because Eiffel was such a big name in the world of engineering at the time they won the competition and construction on the tower started in early 1887.
也许是因为埃菲尔在当时工程界的名气太大,所以他们赢得了比赛,并于1887年初开始建造埃菲尔铁塔。
First up they had to lay the foundations and this involved creating 2m thick concrete slabs under each of the feet and putting them 7m underground.
首先,他们必须打好地基,这需要在每只塔脚下铺设2米厚的混凝土板,然后把它们埋进地下7米深的地方。
Now because two of the feet actually boarded on the river Seine the engineers were worried that water would seep in, so they created metal shoe structures that basically kept the waters at bay.
而由于该塔的两只脚位于塞纳河之上,工程师们担心水会渗进来,所以他们创造了金属鞋状结构,这样基本上就可以把水隔绝在外了。
Next up they constructed the legs but they needed to make sure that they built them simultaneously because, otherwise, they could've ended up with the leaning tower of Paris.
接下来他们开始建造塔的支柱,但他们必须确保同时建造所有支柱,否则就可能会建出巴黎斜塔。
Now to do this they used hydraulic jacks under each of the different legs, raising and lowering them to make sure that the first floor was completely horizontal.
为了做到这一点,他们在每个支架下安装了液压千斤顶,并不断地进行调适,以确保第一层是完全水平的。
So finally they had to create the main body of the tower and to do this they shipped in 18,000 different parts that were prefabricated in the factory and they put them together on site using 2.5 million rivets.
而最后他们就得开始建造塔的主体了,为了完成这个工作,他们把工厂里预制好的18000个不同的部件运来,然后用250万个铆钉在现场进行组装。
Now as the body of the tower grew up in size they had to actually get them up there somehow. So they did this using creeper cranes which ran up the legs of the tower and interestingly the guide shafts of the creeper crane are actually the ones that are used today in the elevators that zip you up to the top.
随着塔体的增大,他们必须想办法把这些部件搬上去。所以他们用爬式起重机来完成这项任务,让爬式起重机爬上了塔楼的支柱,有趣的是,爬式起重机的导向轴实际上就是如今运用于电梯之中将人们运往楼顶的那种东西。
Just over two years after construction started the tower was completed on the 31st March 1889 and Gustav Eiffel was actually the first person to climb all 1,710 steps, all the way to the top, where he unfurled the French flag the Tricolour.
仅仅在施工开始两年后,该塔便于1889年3月31日完工,古斯塔夫·艾菲尔便成为了第一个爬上铁塔所有1710级台阶的人,他一直爬到了塔顶,升起了法国国旗三色旗。
Now fair enough he was the first person to do that because he actually invested a shed load of his own money.
准确地说,他确实是如此行事第一人,因为他实际上投资了一大笔钱。
But that investment paid off because from his apartment actually on the tower he watched 2 million visitors just in the first year alone which equated to about a million dollars' worth in ticket sales.
但这笔钱又赚回来了,因为在他塔上的公寓里,光光第一年他就看到了200万游客,这相当于卖出去了大约100万美元的门票。
Now the tower was initially called the Pylon of 320m, then the 320m Tower, then the Tower of Mr. Eiffel, and finally The Eiffel Tower or La Tour Eiffel.
这座塔最初叫320米电缆塔,后来又叫320米高塔,之后又改叫埃菲尔先生塔,最后更名为埃菲尔铁塔。
But Parisians initially didn't really like it.
不过巴黎人最初并不喜欢这座塔。
They saw it a bit of an eyesore on the Paris landscape plus some of them even thought it would topple over and crash down on their homes.
他们觉得它在巴黎的风景中显得有些碍眼,有些人甚至认为它会倒塌,砸在他们自己的房子上。
But considering this tower was supposed to be dismantled pretty much straight after it was built, it lasted really well and it was actually the tallest structure in the world for 40 years, and of course now is a real icon of Paris.
其实这座塔本应在建成后就立即拆除,但它确实十分坚固,而且实际上曾作为世界最高建筑存在了40年,如今也成为了真正意义上的巴黎的象征。
我一度以为我开了倍速