12月30日午间英语新闻：中国两项成果入选 “2022年十大科学进展”

China Eastern begins C919 test flights

东航全球首架C919国产大飞机开启验证飞行

China Eastern Airlines on Monday launched test flights for the first ever C919 narrow-body passenger jet that would last 100 hours in total. The airline received the C919 plane, China's first domestically built commercial aircraft, from its manufacturer Commercial Aircraft Corp of China (COMAC) on Dec 9.

12月26日，中国东航最新接收的全球首架C919开启总计100小时的验证飞行。12月9日东航从其制造商中国商用飞机有限责任公司(COMAC)接收了中国第一架国产商用飞机C919飞机。

The test flights, if successful, would pave the way for the commercialization of the C919, aviation experts said. Similar flights will follow, until mid-February and last 100 hours in all, covering 10 airports in nine provinces and municipalities across China, the airline said.

航空专家表示，如果试飞成功，将为C919的商业化铺平道路。东航方面介绍，此次100小时的验证飞行将持续到2023年2月中旬，起降机场涉及9省市、10座机场。

The current round of test flights will verify the reliability of the preparations done by China Eastern for the C919. Successful test flights will confirm that the built-in-China aircraft can offer passengers a safe, efficient and comfortable journey. The large amount of data accumulated during the test flights would be provided to related divisions to assist the constant optimization and upgrade of the aircraft model, China Eastern said.

本轮试飞将验证东航为C919所做准备工作的可靠性。成功的试飞将证实中国制造的飞机可以为乘客提供安全、高效和舒适的旅程。东航还要将验证飞行积累的大量数据、运行保障经验提供给相关部门，助力新机型不断优化改进。

Each of the test flights would start from Hongqiao Airport in Shanghai, but destinations will be Beijing, Chengdu of Sichuan province, Xi'an of Shaanxi province, Haikou of Hainan province, Wuhan of Hubei province, Nanchang of Jiangxi province, and Qingdao and Jinan of Shandong province. The test flights will simulate the entire operation of flight planning and application, passenger boarding, pilot operation and aircraft maintenance, among others. The jet will fly back to Shanghai the same day after each test flight.

在每个验证飞行日，C919飞机将从上海虹桥机场始发起飞，飞往北京、四川成都、陕西西安、海南海口、湖北武汉、江西南昌、山东青岛及济南等航点。验证飞行需要模拟整个航班的运行过程，包括签派放行、旅客登机、飞行员的操作、机务维修等整个流程。每次试飞后，飞机将于当天返回上海虹桥机场。

After successful test flights, the Shanghai-based carrier is expected to receive a corresponding operation license from the Civil Aviation Administration of China. The C919 is expected to be pressed into commercial operations this coming spring, when passengers can fly to and from Shanghai, Beijing, Xi'an, Kunming of Yunnan province, Guangzhou and Shenzhen of Guangdong province, and Chengdu.

在C919完成航线验证飞行成功后，中国民航局将为这家总部位于上海的航空公司颁发相应的运营许可。中国东航争取在2023年春将C919正式投入商业载客运营。届时，C919将出现在上海、北京、西安、云南昆明、广东广州和深圳、成都等地的优质精品航线上。

The first batch of nine pilots, 24 flight attendants and 13 maintenance personnel completed training for this particular aircraft model, with a second batch of crew and staff members currently receiving training. They would be qualified to meet the initial operation requirements of the C919, the carrier said.

东航已完成首批 9 名飞行员、24名乘务员、13 名机务维修人员的机型培训，加上目前正在进行的第二批次重点岗位人员培训。该航空公司表示，他们将满足初期的验证飞行需求。

重点词汇：

1. aviation

英 /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ 美 /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/

n. 航空，飞行（术）；航空工业，飞机工业

2. maintenance

英 /ˈmeɪntənəns/ 美 /ˈmeɪntənəns/

n. 维护，保养；保持，维持；（依法应负担的）生活费，抚养费；包揽诉讼罪，非法资助诉讼罪

2 Chinese scientific achievements included in 10 biggest science stories of 2022

中国两项成果入选 “2022年十大科学进展”

Two Chinese scientific achievements are included in the 10 biggest science stories of 2022 chosen by scientists, according to a report in the Guardian. In COVID's boost to immune research category, the use of sniffable or inhale-able vaccines — mucosal vaccines, which are already used in China to tackle COVID 19 — was introduced by Sheena Cruickshank, professor of biomedical sciences and public engagement at the University of Manchester, the Guardian reported on Sunday.

近日，英国《卫报》发布了由十位科学家选出的2022年度十项重大科学进展。其中，中国有两项成果入选。英国《卫报》周日报道，在新冠大流行对疫苗研发的推动类别中，曼彻斯特大学生物医学科学和公众参与教授希娜·克鲁克香克介绍了使用可嗅或可吸入疫苗——黏膜疫苗，中国已经在使用这种疫苗来应对新冠病毒。

Cruickshank said the inhale-able vaccines, which is much more appealing for people who are needle-phobic, may offer long-term protection against respiratory viruses. If these new developments deliver on their promise, then one day soon the calls for annual shots could be a thing of the past, according to Cruickshank.

克鲁克香克表示，对于有“针头恐惧症”的人来说，这类疫苗更具吸引力。吸入式疫苗可能提供针对呼吸道病毒的长期保护。如果这些新型新冠疫苗效果达到预期，那么很快每年的加强针注射将成为历史。

In the AI new antibiotics category, Chinese scientist Ma Yue and his colleagues' efforts in using AI to overcome resistance and replenish our arsenal of effective antimicrobials while developing new drugs was praised by Eriko Takano, professor of synthetic biology at the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology. This is an impressive success rate, which would not have been possible without the aid of AI, according to Takano.

曼彻斯特生物技术研究所合成生物学教授高野恵理子高度赞扬了马越团队的工作。高野表示，该团队利用人工智能克服抗药性、补充了有效抗菌剂库，与此同时得以开发新药且成功率惊人。高野说，此次的成功率令人惊叹，如果没有人工智能的帮助是无法实现的。

Ma Yue and his colleagues from the Chinese Academy of Sciences used machine-learning techniques originally developed for natural language processing to identify antimicrobial peptides encoded by the genome sequences of microbes in the human gut. The algorithm identified 2,349 potential antimicrobial peptide sequences. Among them, 216 peptides were synthesized by chemical methods, and 181 were shown to have antimicrobial activity.

中国科学院的马越和他的同事使用机器学习技术来识别由人类肠道微生物基因组序列编码的抗菌肽（Antimicrobial peptide, AMP）。该算法识别出2349个潜在的抗菌肽序列，其中，216个多肽是通过化学方法合成的，181个具有抑菌活性。

重点词汇：

1. inhale

英 /ɪnˈheɪl/ 美 /ɪnˈheɪl/

vt. 吸入，吸气；<美，非正式>狼吞虎咽，大吃大嚼

2. antibiotics 

英 /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪks/ 美 /ˌæntibaɪˈɑːtɪks/

n. [药] 抗生素；抗生学

3. replenish

英 /rɪˈplenɪʃ/ 美 /rɪˈplenɪʃ/

v. 补充，重新装满；补足（原有的量）