10月31日午间英语新闻：慢性睡眠不足如何增加患心脏病的风险

How chronic sleep loss can increase the risk of heart disease

慢性睡眠不足如何增加患心脏病的风险

Cutting sleep short on a regular basis may harm immune stem cells, potentially increasing the risk of inflammatory disorders and heart disease, a small new study suggests. An analysis of blood samples from 14 healthy volunteers who agreed to have their sleep shortened by 1½ hours each night for six weeks revealed long-term changes in the way these stem cells behaved, leading to a proliferation of the white blood cells that can spark inflammation, according to the report published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine.

一项小型新研究表明，经常缺觉可能会损害免疫干细胞，可能会增加炎症性疾病和心脏病的风险。发表在《实验医学杂志》上的报告指出，在对同意六周内每晚减少一个半小时睡眠的14名志愿者的血液样本进行分析后发现，这些干细胞的行为方式发生了长期变化，导致可能引发炎症的白血球增生。

“The key message from this study is that sleep lessens inflammation and loss of sleep increases inflammation,” said study co-author Filip Swirski, the director of the Cardiovascular Research Institute at Icahn Mount Sinai in New York. While a certain amount of inflammation is needed to fight infections and heal wounds, too much can be harmful, he explained. Overabundant, persistent inflammation has been linked to heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s, he added.

“这项研究的关键信息是，睡眠减少炎症，而睡眠不足增加炎症，”该研究的合著者、纽约西奈山伊坎医学院心血管研究所所长菲利普·斯沃斯基说。他解释说，虽然需要一定量的炎症来对抗感染和愈合伤口，但过多的炎症可能是有害的。他补充说，过度的、持续的炎症与心脏病和阿尔茨海默症等神经退行性疾病有关。

“The real key is there are things we can do through our lifestyles — getting enough sleep, managing stress, getting enough exercise, consuming a healthy diet — that can reduce the speed of biological aging,” Swirski said. “We may not live forever, but we may live well into old age maintaining the quality of our lives by paying attention to some of these lifestyle factors”.

“真正的关键是我们可以通过生活方式做一些事情，比如充足的睡眠、管理压力、充足的锻炼、健康的饮食，这些都可以减少生物衰老的速度，”斯沃斯基说。"我们可能不会长生不老，但我们可以通过注意其中一些生活方式的因素，很好地活到老年，保持我们的生活质量。"

重点词汇：

1.proliferation

英[prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn]

美[prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn]

n.激增; 涌现; 增殖; 大量的事物;

2.neurodegenerative

美 [ˌnʊroʊdɪˈdʒenərətɪv]

英 [ˌnjʊərəʊdɪˈdʒenərətɪv]

网络神经退化; 神经退行性; 神经变性; 神经变性的; 神经组织退化的;

Woman had 23 contact lenses stuck under her eyelid

美国一女子眼睑下卡有23片隐形眼镜

A woman who felt like there was “something in her eye” actually had 23 daily disposable contact lenses stuck deep underneath her eyelid, her ophthalmologist, Dr. Katerina Kurteeva, reported. “I was just amazed myself. I was like, this is kind of crazy. I’ve never seen this before,” Kurteeva said. The patient, who is in her 70s, has been wearing contact lenses for 30 years.

据眼科医生凯特琳娜·库尔提娃博士的报告，她的一位女性患者称感觉“眼睛里有东西”，实际上有23片日抛型隐形眼镜深陷在她的眼睑下。库尔提娃表示，“我当时自己也很惊讶。这太疯狂了！以前从未见过这种情况。”这位70多岁的病人已经戴了30年的隐形眼镜。 

“It was literally like a deck of cards,” Kurteeva recalled. “It formed a little chain link on her lid. Fortunately the woman didn’t have an infection — just mild irritation that was treated with anti-inflammatory drops — and is doing fine, Kurteeva said. This is actually not the most extreme case. In 2017, British doctors found 27 contact lenses in a 67-year-old woman’s eye who thought dry eye and aging caused her irritation.

库尔提娃回忆称，“那简直就像一副扑克牌，在她眼睑下形成了一个小链环。”幸运的是，这名妇女没有感染，只是轻微的刺激，用消炎药治疗后，现在一切正常。实际上这不是最极端的情况。2017年，英国医生在一名67岁妇女的眼睛里发现了27枚隐形眼镜，她认为干眼症和衰老是导致她过敏的原因。

The patient told Kurteeva she had no idea how this happened, but the doctor had some theories. The woman probably thought she removed the lenses by sliding them off to the side, but actually didn’t take them out and they just kept hiding under the upper lid, she said.

库尔提娃的病人告诉她，她不知道这是怎么发生的，但医生有一些推测。她说，这名妇女可能认为她通过将镜片滑向一边来摘除镜片，但实际上并没有将其取出，而是一直藏在她的眼睑下面。

In an older patient, the fornix becomes very deep, which is related to aging changes of the eye and the face, and the way the orbit atrophies, leading to sunken eyes, Kurteeva said. The contact lenses were tucked away so deep and so far away from the cornea, the most sensitive part of the eye, that the woman didn’t feel the clump — until it became very big. People who wear contacts for decades lose some of their corneal sensitivity, so that might be another reason she didn’t feel the blob, she added.

库尔提娃表示，在老年患者中，穹窿变得非常深，这与眼睛和面部的衰老变化有关，也与眼眶萎缩的方式有关，从而导致眼睛凹陷。隐形眼镜藏得很深，离角膜这个眼睛最敏感的部位很远，所以这位女士没感觉到结块——直到它变大。戴隐形眼镜几十年的人会失去一些角膜敏感性，所以这可能是她感觉不到隐形眼镜的另一个原因。

重点词汇：

1.disposable

英[dɪˈspəʊzəbl]

美[dɪˈspoʊzəbl]

adj.可任意处理的; 一次性的; 用后即丢弃的; 可动用的; 可自由支配的;

n.〈美口〉使用后随即抛掉的东西（尤指容器等）;

2.cornea

英[ˈkɔːniə]

美[ˈkɔːrniə]

n.角膜;