珍妮·古道尔博士 | 2022年世界黑猩猩日致辞

Hello, this is Jane Goodall. I'm speaking to you on July the 14th, World Chimpanzee Day. It was 62 years ago, on July the 14th, 1960 that I first stepped onto the shore of what is now Gombe National Park to start what has now become the longest uninterrupted study of world chimpanzees.

大家好，我是珍妮·古道尔。今天是7月14日，“世界黑猩猩日”。62年前，也就是1960年7月14日，我第一次踏上现在称之为冈比国家公园的海岸，开始了史上最长时间的不间断的野生黑猩猩研究。

In those early days, no one knew anything about the behavior of chimps in the world. Wasn't I lucky? Everything I saw and observed was new and exciting. The fact that chimpanzees make nests up in the trees at night, the fact that they use and make tools at that time, it was thought that only humans could do that.

最初，世上没人知道野生黑猩猩的习性。所以，我觉得我是幸运的。一切都见所未见，令人非常欣喜。我了解到黑猩猩晚上会在书上筑巢，它们还会使用和制造工具，人们认为这些只有人类才会有。

The fascinating development of infant chimpanzees, their relationship with their mother, and their older brothers, and sisters, the different personalities, the ways that different males rise to top position in different ways, and even chimpanzee females show different ways of mothering. The long childhood chimps have a lot to learn just like human children.

黑猩猩幼崽的成长令人着迷，它们与母亲的关系，与兄弟姐妹的关系，它们迥异的性格；雄性会用各种方式争得族群的至高权力，甚至雌性黑猩猩也会表现出不一样的母性。幼年黑猩猩和人类孩子一样，要经历漫长的学习过程。

Today, there's a number of other long-term studies in different parts of Africa. We know that in different places, chimpanzees have different cultures, behavior pass from one individual to another, through observational learning. We know how adaptable they can be in different environments.

今天，在非洲各地有很多长期的研究正在开展。我们了解了，在不同的地方黑猩猩种群有着不同的文化，各地黑猩猩的行为也不同，这些都是通过观察学习传承的。我们了解了它们在各种环境下的适应能力。

We're gradually gaining more, and more information about our closest living relatives. More about their dark side, they can be violent, and brutal. More about their gentle, loving, and truly altruistic side, so many stories from so many places.

我们逐渐掌握了越来越多的这种和人类亲缘关系最近的生物信息。进一步了解了黑猩猩有时会使用暴力，也会很残忍的不为人知的一面。但它们也有温柔的一面，有爱心，以及真正无私的一面，这样的故事不胜枚举。

62 years ago, Gombe was part of the equatorial forest belt that stretched right across Africa. Homeless chimpanzees, and many groups of gorillas. Today, Gombe is an isolated island surrounded by bare hills, where more people live than the land can support, too poor to buy food from elsewhere.

62年前，冈比还是赤道大森带，横跨非洲。那里有很多无家可归的黑猩猩和大猩猩族群。如今，冈比到处都是光秃秃的小山，居民人数超出了土地的承载能力，他们穷得买不起食物。

Today, because of the logging sometimes by commercial companies, but also by people living in poverty. It was when I flew over Gombe, and saw these bare hills and realized that people were cutting down their trees in their desperation to survive, cutting down trees, to make charcoal or timber for sale, or simply to make more land so that they could grow more food to feed their families.

因为伐木行为，有些是商业公司的，有些穷人是为了维持生计在砍伐。当我飞过冈比时，我看见光秃秃的山，我意识到，人们砍伐树木或许是为了生存不得已而为之，是为了销售木炭或木材挣钱，或是为了开垦更多土地，以便种植更多食物来养家糊口。

One of our efforts to protect chimpanzees and their habitats is to help the local people find ways of living without destroying the environment, to help them understand that protecting the environment isn't just for wildlife, it's for their own future, the value of the forest to their future.

我们努力保护黑猩猩和它们的栖息地，帮助当地居民也是其中之一。帮助人们找到不破坏环境的谋生方式。帮助人们认识到拯救环境不仅仅是为了野生动物，更是为了他们自己的未来，了解森林对他们未来的价值。

We've started Roots & Shoots groups in all the villages, 104 of them, in chimp habitat in Tanzania, and helping girls to stay in school, knowing that all around the world, as women's education improves, family size tends to drop. This TACARE program is in six other African countries. That's one of the ways that we're helping to protect chimpanzees in Africa.

我们在所有村庄建立根与芽组织，104个村庄在坦桑尼亚黑猩猩栖息地，帮助女孩上学，因为我们知道在世界各地，随着女性教育水平的提高，人口数量往往会得到控制。这项TACARE关怀计划也在其他六个非洲国家开展，这也是我们保护黑猩猩的一种方式。

Chimps are also endangered today by the commercial bush meat trade and by shooting mothers to capture infants for sale, locally, as pets, or to sell to dealers who will traffic them to other countries around the world for pets or for entertainment.

今天，商业的丛林肉食交易，射杀黑猩猩母亲捕获幼崽在当地作为宠物出售，或卖给经销商，这些商人再把小猩猩运送到其他国家，供人宠养或娱乐；这些都在导致黑猩猩濒临灭绝。

This is illegal. Sometimes we can persuade governments to confiscate the infant chimps who are sometimes sold in the markets or captured on their way to be exported, but then what to do with them?

这些都是非法行为。有时候，我们可以说服政府没收幼小的黑猩猩，这些黑猩猩有时候会在市场上出售，或在出口时被截获，但之后该如何安置它们呢？

It was this that led to the starting of sanctuaries for these orphan chimpanzees so that they could be kept together in groups and eventually, released into more naturalistic surroundings.

于是才有了为这些黑猩猩个体设立的避难所，帮助这些黑猩猩孤儿，这样他们可以群居在一起，最终回归更自然的生活环境。

JGI runs the biggest chimpanzee sanctuary in Africa, Tchimpounga, in the Republic of Congo. We also have another smaller sanctuary in South Africa, that's Chimp Eden.

珍妮·古道尔研究会经营的非洲最大的黑猩猩救助中心，在刚果共和国的奇蓬加，我们还有小一点的保护区，南非的奇普伊顿。

There are other chimpanzee sanctuaries in Africa created by other groups studying chimps. Also, in other parts of the world, there are sanctuaries for those chimps rescued from the entertainment business or those chimpanzees who were kept as pets.

非洲还有其他的黑猩猩保护区，是其他研究黑猩猩组织机构建立的。此外，在世界其他地方，也有黑猩猩救助中心，救助娱乐商业中或是作为宠物的黑猩猩。

People think-- They see infant chimpanzees, they see them dressed up, and they think, "Oh, how adorable. I want an infant chimpanzee as a pet. I want that baby to be part of my family."

人们觉得看到黑星新幼崽们穿上衣服，就会想“哦，多可爱啊。我也想要一只黑猩猩幼崽当宠物，让这个小家伙成为我家庭的一部分。

They are cute when they're young, but they grow up, by the time they're six, seven, eight, certainly by eight, they're much stronger than a human. They’re not suitable pets.

它们小时候很可爱，但它们长大，到它们六七岁，八岁的时候，它们会比人类更加强壮。所以它们不适合当宠物。

There are terrifying tales of pet chimps who've turned on their owners because they don't want to be pet chimps, they want to be wild and free. Something in them tells them that this is all wrong.

曾今就发生过宠物黑猩猩背叛主人的惨剧，因为它们不想成为人类的宠物，它们想要获得野性和自由。它们内心告诉自己，这一切都是错的。

Creating sanctuaries where these poor individuals can be brought into social groups and gradually learn to socialize and have a more normal life.

救助中心的建立，让这些可怜的小家伙可以回归群体，学习融入黑猩猩社会，重获新生。

60 years ago, 62 years ago, chimpanzees and zoos were in terrible conditions. Often one, sometimes two, in a barricade with nothing to do.

六十年前，不，六十二年前，动物园的黑猩猩境况非常糟糕，它们往往是一两只被关在笼子里，整天无所事事。

One of the things that Jane Goodell Institute began way back in the early '70s was providing enrichment, thinking of ways so that chimpanzees, even in small cages, have something to do. And then gradually working to help zoos to get better environments, more suitable to these intelligent beings.

所以，早在上世纪70年代，珍妮·古道尔研究会就开始做一件事，就是提供丰富的资源，想办法让黑猩猩即便是在小笼子里，也有事可做。然后逐渐帮助动物园获得更好的环境，更适合这些聪明的生物。

We began the ChimpanZoo Program, helping young people study chimps because studying chimpanzees everywhere is really important. We still have so much to learn, but also, helping the keepers to better understand the nature of their chimpanzees.

我们启动了“动物园猩猩”的项目，帮助年轻人研究黑猩猩，因为研究各地的黑猩猩真的很重要。我们还有很多需要学习的东西，同时，也要帮助饲养员更好地了解黑猩猩的物种特性。

JGI is also working to end the use of chimpanzees in entertainment. It may look cute to see chimpanzees dressed up in human clothes, riding bicycles, doing all sorts of tricks, but we must realize that training the chimpanzees to behave like this is cruel. Often they're beaten and all of them have been snatched from their mothers and forced to live a totally unnatural life.

珍妮·古道尔研究会还呼吁停止正在娱乐活动中使用黑猩猩，看到黑猩猩穿人类的衣服，骑自行车，做各种各样的把戏，可能看起来很可爱，但我们必须意识到，像这样训练黑猩猩是很残忍的。它们经常会遭到殴打，幼崽都被人从母亲身边带走，被迫过上与自然完全脱离的生活。