（Level 3）-Day_87 International Olympic Committee

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词汇提示

1.secretary 秘书

2.conflict 冲突

3.controversies 争议

4.obstacle 障碍

5.dictated 决定

6.procedure 程序

7.prejudice 偏见

8.adamant 坚定

9.rejection 拒绝

10.embodiment 典型

11.indecent 下流

12.inherently 天然

13.demonstration 示威

14.boycott 抵制

15.debt 债务

16.notoriously 臭名昭著

17.negotiating 协商

原文

International Olympic Committee

The International Olympic Committee（IOC） was formed in 1896 to govern the organization and development of what were understood to be a modern version of the Greek Olympic Games.

Its first president was Dimitros Vikelas，a Greek，and its secretary was Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin.

De Coubertin's energy and his vision have been the true inspiration behind the modern Olympic movement.

The IOC has effectively governed the Olympic movement for over 100 years.

However，that period of time has seen many conflicts and controversies with the IOC and in the Olympic movement as a whole.

At first，the main obstacle de Coubertin faced to creating an international Olympic movement was the lack of organization of sport internationally.

Early sports organizations-most of them amateur-had trouble organizing their own sports and leagues nationally.

As a result，cooperating with the IOC internationally was an extreme challenge.

In the early years，de Coubertin's own vision for the Games dictated much of the IOC's policies and procedures.

His prejudices also influenced the movement.

For example，de Coubertin was adamant in his rejection of female athletes' participation in the Games.

An embodiment of Victorian ideals and prejudices，de Coubertin thought women' place was in the home，and bearing and raising children.

Indeed，he thought of women's competition as unnatural，immoral，and “indecent”.

As a result of de Coubertin's powerful position within the IOC，it would take many years to have women participating in any significant way.

The IOC has always claimed a “hands-off” approach to political struggles and controversies surrounding the Games.

Claiming，now for over 100 years，that the IOC is not a political organization，and that sport in its purest sense（one represented best by the IOC，of course）is inherently nonpolitical，the IOC has always had trouble answering critics who point out obvious exceptions to claim.

At the simplest level，the act of competing under national flags-something the IOC encourages-is a political event.

At a higher political level，the Olympic Games have been used for political demonstration through boycotts，and the Olympic movement was probably the most visible means of symbolically fighting the Cold War.

The post-World War Two years were lean ones for the Olympic movement.

The IOC and hosting cities and nations often had trouble breaking even.

At its worst，the Games went into great financial debt，most notoriously in the Summer Games in Montreal in 1976.

However，since that time，the Games have taken a more“market friendly”approach，encouraging private sponsorship and negotiating massive television contracts with networks around the world，especially those in the U.S.A.

As a result，the IOC is a much more financially solvent organization than it was a few decades ago.

However，it is not clear that the IOC is following its founder's original plan for the movement.

After all，de Coubertin was a pure amateur at heart.

The current commercially oriented Olympic would make de Coubertin concerned，to say the least.

翻译

国际奥委会

国际奥林匹克委员会（IOC）成立于1896年，负责管理现代版希腊奥运会的组织和发展。
第一任总统是希腊人迪米特罗斯·维凯拉斯，秘书是法国人皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦。
顾拜旦的精力和远见是现代奥林匹克运动背后的真正灵感。
100多年来，国际奥委会一直有效地管理着奥林匹克运动。
然而，这段时间里国际奥委会以及整个奥林匹克运动发生了许多冲突和争议。
起初，顾拜旦创立国际奥林匹克运动面临的主要障碍是缺乏国际体育组织。
早期的体育组织——大多数是业余的——在全国范围内组织自己的运动和联盟时遇到了困难。
因此，在国际上与国际奥委会合作是一个极端的挑战。
在早期，顾拜旦自己对奥运会的愿景决定了国际奥委会的许多政策和程序。
他的偏见也影响了这场运动。
例如，顾拜旦坚决反对女运动员参加奥运会。
作为维多利亚时代理想和偏见的体现，顾拜旦认为妇女的地位在于家庭、生育和抚养孩子。
事实上，他认为女性的竞争是不自然、不道德和“不雅的”。
由于顾拜旦在国际奥委会中的强大地位，要让女性以任何重要的方式参与，都需要很多年。
国际奥委会一直主张对围绕奥运会的政治斗争和争议采取“不干涉”的态度。
100多年来，国际奥委会一直声称国际奥委会不是一个政治组织，而且最纯粹的意义上的体育运动（当然，国际奥委会最能代表的运动）本质上是非政治性的，因此国际奥委会一直难以回答那些指出明显例外的批评。
在最简单的层面上，国际奥委会鼓励的在国旗下比赛的行为是一个政治事件。
在更高的政治层面上，奥运会被用来通过抵制进行政治示威，而奥林匹克运动可能是象征性地对抗冷战的最明显的手段。
二战后对奥林匹克运动来说是艰难的几年。
国际奥委会和主办城市及国家经常难以收支平衡。
在最糟糕的情况下，奥运会陷入了巨大的财政债务，最臭名昭著的是1976年蒙特利尔夏季奥运会。
然而，从那时起，奥运会采取了一种更“市场友好”的方式，鼓励私人赞助，并与世界各地的电视台，尤其是美国的电视台协商大量电视合同。
因此，国际奥委会在财政上比几十年前更有偿付能力。
然而，目前尚不清楚国际奥委会是否遵循其创始人最初的运动计划。
毕竟，顾拜旦本质上是个纯粹的业余爱好者。
至少可以说，当前以商业为导向的奥运会将让顾拜旦感到担忧。