（Level 3）-Day_80 Sport and Television

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词汇提示

1.circulation 发行量

2.symbiotic 共生

3.mutually beneficial 互利

4.approach 方法

5.paved 铺

6.paradox 悖论

原文

Sport and Television

There is little question that television has radically changed the sporting world.

Television has done more than just make existing sports more accessible to a mass audience.

It has been argued that the very nature of sport and spectators' experiences of sport has been shaped by the medium of television.

The first televised sporting event took place on May 17,1939.

A baseball between two American schools-Princeton and Columbia marked the beginning of a new era in sport.

The first broadcast，however，was not of participate high quality.

Viewers could hardly see the players on the television screen，the technology at the time being of very low quality.

In addition，very few people owned television sets at the time.

Only 400 TV sets were in circulation，and the average cost of 600 dollars made owning a set impossible for most people.

This situation would soon change.

Television as a popular and affordable medium grew rapidly in the 1940s and 1950s

By the end of the 1950s，American televised sport entered a “Golden Age”.

It was during this period of time that major sporting organizations，such as professional leagues，and major amateur organizations，such as the International Olympic Committee（IOC），realized the benefits of television.

Not only could TV make competitions available for a huge number of spectators，it could actually make money for these organizations.

Television companies，in turn，could make money by attracting viewers and selling advertising space at increased rates.

Television and sport entered what some observers call a “symbiotic”or mutually beneficial relationship.

The business relationship developed between the American TV company ABC and the Olympic Games is a clear example of the TV-sport symbiosis.

In the 1960s and 1970s，ABC recognized the importance of using international sport to attract viewers.

By being recognized as“The Olympic Network”，ABC quickly rose from being the third biggest commercial network in the U.S. to being the leading network.

At the same time，ABC paid higher and higher “rights fees” to the IOC，and the IOC，in turn，began to take more commercial and professional  to the Olympic Games.

The ABC role model has paved the way for other television networks around the world.

Today，television rights pay for the majority of Olympic Games expenses.

The television and sport relationship has come a long way since the first Princeton/Columbia baseball game.

Today，more people experience sport as spectators through the medium of television than they do as regular participants in sport.

The television and sports relationship，then，presents a bit of a paradox.

While on the one hand it has made sport more visible for more people，it has perhaps done so at the expense of actual participation in sport.

翻译

体育与电视

毫无疑问，电视已经彻底改变了体育界。
电视所做的不仅仅是让大量观众更容易接触到现有的体育项目。
有人认为，体育的本质和观众对体育的体验是由电视媒介塑造的。
第一次电视转播的体育赛事发生在1939年5月17日。
普林斯顿和哥伦比亚两所美国学校之间的棒球比赛标志着体育运动新时代的开始。
然而，第一次转播的质量并不高。
当时的技术质量非常低，观众几乎看不到电视屏幕上的运动员。
此外，当时很少有人拥有电视机。
目前只有400台电视机在流通，并且拥有一台电视机的平均成本是600美元，对大多数人来说是不可能的。
这种情况很快就发生了改变。
20世纪40年代和50年代，电视作为一种受欢迎且价格合理的媒体迅速发展
到20世纪50年代末，美国电视转播的体育运动进入了一个“黄金时代”。
正是在这段时间里，职业联赛等主要体育组织和国际奥委会（IOC）等主要业余组织意识到了电视的好处。
电视不仅可以让大量观众观看比赛，还可以为这些组织赚钱。
反过来，电视公司可以通过吸引观众和以更高的价格出售广告空间来赚钱。
电视和体育进入了一些观察家所说的“共生”或互利关系。
美国电视公司ABC与奥运会之间发展的业务关系是电视体育共生的一个明显例子。
20世纪六七十年代，美国广播公司认识到利用国际体育吸引观众的重要性。
通过被公认为“奥运网络”，美国广播公司迅速从美国第三大商业网络上升为领先网络。
与此同时，美国广播公司向国际奥委会支付了越来越高的“版权费”，国际奥委会也开始为奥运会提供更多的商业和专业服务。
美国广播公司的榜样为世界各地的其他电视网铺平了道路。
如今，电视转播权承担了奥运会的大部分费用。
自从第一场普林斯顿/哥伦比亚棒球赛以来，电视和体育的关系已经走过了漫长的道路。
如今，更多的人通过电视媒介观看体育比赛，而不是作为体育运动的常规参与者。
那么，电视和体育的关系就有点自相矛盾了。
一方面，它让更多的人看到了体育运动，但它这样做可能是以实际参与体育运动为代价的。