1. 精讲-3种常见的思维陷阱，你中招了吗？

 1. 3种常见的思维陷阱，你中招了吗？

How to Recognize andAvoid Common Thinking Traps

科学美国人

The mind likes to worry,criticize, complain, doubt, regret, downplay, and generally bring us back downto earth. It sometimes even goes too far and keeps us mired in muddy, unhelpfulswamps. But how can I gain better awareness of the tricks my thoughts play, andhow do I get out of unhelpful thinking traps for better mental health and moresuccessful living?

Thinking trap1: Black-and-white thinking

"I bombed this presentationbecause I messed up the order of two important slides."

We're very good at makingcontrasts and comparisons.No wonder we often draw all-or-nothing lines thatput our situation in the “awful” box while others seem to be in the “awesome”box.But is there really no middle ground, no room for mistakes, between aperfect presentation and a “ totally bombed” one?

Thefirst tip for healthier thinking is to allow natural nuance. The goal isn’t toconvince yourself that you like a situation you don’t like. Rather, it’s toacknowledge that there are gray areas and caveats. The more of those you see,the clearer the picture will be.

Thinkingtrap 2: Jumping to conclusions

"Shedidn’t answer my text, so she must be mad at me."

Forbetter or worse, our brains are faster than the speed of sound, always racingahead on the fabric of time-space to see what might lie ahead. Sometimes thisis very helpful! But sometimes, this eagerness to think ahead lands us introuble.

Ifyou feel yourself feeling nervous or discouraged about an upcoming situation,ask yourself if your thought is based on facts that have already happened? Oris it based on what you fear might happen? It’s helpful to remember that, atthe very least, what you fear is not yet true. There’s no need to spend timewrestling with this thought right now.

Thinkingtrap 3: Mental filter

"Mypartner is always leaving dirty clothes on the floor. She's hopeless!"

Inaddition to being lightning fast, our brains are also naturally good defenselawyers. Without even knowing it, we often stake out a claim and automaticallystart searching for evidence to back it up. But we have a harder time noticingor remembering evidence to the contrary.

Nexttime you feel stuck or despairing about something, see if you’re looking at thesituation with blinders on. Put on an independent investigator’s hat instead ofa defense lawyer’s, and let yourself explore the evidence.

The way to a healthy mentalexperience is not to control our thoughts. The truth is, our thoughts are notalways positive, and they shouldn’t be. To help us navigate the world and makesound decisions, we need a variety of thoughts, not just positive ones.

3种常见的思维陷阱，你中招了吗？

今日导读

我们每个人都会经常认为自己很讲道理、非常有逻辑，但事实上果真如此吗？你也许正陷在一段没有希望的感情里不可自拔；你可能正在找各种借口而避重就轻。其实这是暗藏在我们头脑里的思维陷阱捣乱出来的，它们潜伏在我们的思维习惯里，让我们常常不自觉地就掉了进去。这些思维陷阱诱导着我们犯下种种错误，引发着种种负面情绪，困扰着我们。很多情绪都起源于我们对某件事物的看法，而这个看法却常常是经不起推敲的，甚至是错误的。那么我们该如何识别和避免这些常见的思维陷阱呢？下面就和小董老师一起去文章中学习一下吧！

带着问题听讲解

1.   文中提到哪些避免思维陷阱的方式？

2.   “回到现实，脚踏实地”可以怎么说？

3.   “nuance”是什么意思？

内容精讲

How to Recognize and Avoid Common Thinking Traps

如何识别和避免常见的思维陷阱

The mind likes to worry, criticize,complain, doubt, regret, downplay, and generally bring us back downto earth. It sometimes even goes too far and keeps us mired in muddy,unhelpful swamps. But how can I gain better awareness of the tricks mythoughts play, and how do I get out of unhelpful thinking traps for better mentalhealth and more successful living?

大脑喜欢担心、批评、抱怨、怀疑、后悔、贬低，通常会把我们拉回现实。有时它甚至会走得太远，使我们陷入泥泞和毫无帮助的沼泽。但是，我怎样才能更好地意识到我的思想玩的把戏，怎样才能摆脱无用的思维陷阱，从而获得健康的心理和成功的生活呢?

criticize/ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz/v. 批判

关联词：critical /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/ adj. 批判的，关键的

拓展：critical thinking 批判式思维

downplay /ˈdaʊnˌpleɪ/v. 对……轻描淡写，轻视，贬低

downto earth 回到现实，脚踏实地

mire /maɪə/ v. 陷入困境

拓展：keep sb. mired in sth. 使某人陷入到...中

muddy /ˈmʌdɪ/adj. 泥泞的，混乱的

swamp /swɒmp/ n. 沼泽，湿地

mentalhealth 精神健康

Thinking trap1: Black-and-white thinking

思维陷阱1:黑白思维

"I bombed thispresentation because I messed up the order of two important slides."

“这次演讲搞砸了，因为我把两个重要幻灯片的顺序弄乱了。”

bomb /bɒm/v. 轰炸，（考试、演出等）惨败

mess up 使混乱，使陷入困境，搞砸，搞乱                        

slide /slaɪd/n. 幻灯片；v. 滑动

We're very good at makingcontrasts and comparisons.No wonder we often draw all-or-nothing linesthat put our situation in the “awful” box while others seem to be in the“awesome” box.But is there really no middle ground, no roomfor mistakes, between a perfect presentation and a “ totally bombed” one?

我们很擅长做对比和比较。难怪我们常常把自己的处境归为“糟糕”，而别人似乎归为“棒极了”。但是，在完美的演讲和“彻底失败”的演讲之间，真的没有中间地带，没有犯错的空间吗？

nowonder 难怪，怪不得

all-or-nothing adj. 孤注一掷的，要么全有要么全无的

awful /ˈɔːfʊl/adj. 可怕的，极坏的

awesome /ˈɔːsəm/adj. 棒极了的，令人敬畏的

middleground 中间立场

The first tip for healthierthinking is to allow natural nuance. The goal isn’t to convince yourselfthat you like a situation you don’t like. Rather, it’s to acknowledge that there are gray areas and caveats. The more of those you see, theclearer the picture will be.

健康思维的第一个技巧是允许自然的细微差别。这样做的目的不是说服自己去接受你不喜欢的情况。相反，这是承认灰色地带和警告的存在。你看到的越多，画面就会越清晰。

nuance/njuːˈɑːns/n. 细微差别

acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/v. 承认

caveat /ˈkeɪvɪˌæt/ n. 警告，提醒

Thinking trap2: Jumping to conclusions

思维陷阱2:过早下结论

jumpto 赶快，立即

"She didn’t answer my text,so she must be mad at me."

“她没有回复我的短信，她一定在生我的气。”

be mad at 对…非常愤怒，恼火

For better orworse, our brains are faster than the speed of sound,always racing ahead on the fabric of time-space to see what mightlie ahead. Sometimes this is very helpful! I But sometimes, this eagerness to think ahead lands us in trouble.

不管怎样，我们的大脑都比声音的速度快，它总是跑在时空结构前，来看看未来会发生什么。有时这非常有用!但是有时，这种想要提前思考的渴望会让我们陷入麻烦。

forbetter or worse 无论好坏，不管怎样

raceahead 跑在前面

fabric /ˈfæbrɪk/ n. 结构，纤维

拓展：social fabric 社会结构

eagerness /ˈiːɡənəs/n. 渴望，热心

landsb in trouble 使某人陷入麻烦

If you feel yourself feelingnervous or discouraged about an upcoming situation, ask yourselfif your thought is based on facts that have already happened? Or is it based onwhat you fear might happen? It’s helpful to remember that, at the very least,what you fear is not yet true. There’s no need to spend time wrestling with this thought right now.

如果你对即将到来的情况感到紧张或气馁，问问自己你的想法是否基于已经发生的事实？还是基于你对可能发生的事情的恐惧？记住这一点是有帮助的，至少，你所害怕的还不是真的。现在没有必要花时间和这个想法较劲。

discouraged /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒd/ adj. 灰心的，气馁的

upcoming /ʌpˈkʌmɪŋ/ adj. 即将发生的

atthe very least至少

wrestle /ˈresl/v. 斗争，奋力对付，较劲

关联词：arm-wrestling /ˈɑːm reslɪŋ/ n. 掰腕子

Thinking trap3: Mental filter

思维陷阱3:心理过滤器

filter /ˈfɪltə/n. 过滤器

"My partner is alwaysleaving dirty clothes on the floor. She's hopeless!"

“我的伴侣总是把脏衣服扔在地上。她是无药可救！”

In addition to being lightningfast, our brains are also naturally good defense lawyers. Without evenknowing it, we often stake out a claim and automatically startsearching for evidence to back it up. But we have a harder time noticingor remembering evidence to the contrary.

除了速度快如闪电，我们的大脑天生也是优秀的辩护律师。我们常常在不知情的情况下提出主张，并自动开始寻找支持它的证据。但我们很难注意或记住相反的证据。

defenselawyer辩护律师

stakeout a claim坚持要求

关联词：stake /steɪk/ v. 支持，资助

automatically/ɔːtəˈmætɪkli/adv. 无意识地，自动地

backup 证实，支持

tothe contrary 相反地

Next time you feel stuck or despairing about something, see if you’re looking at the situationwith blinders on. Put on an independent investigator’s hat instead of adefense lawyer’s, and let yourself explore the evidence.

下次当你对某件事感到困惑或绝望时，看看你是否对当前的情况视而不见。戴上独立调查员的帽子，而不是辩护律师的帽子，让自己探索证据。

feelstuck 遇到瓶颈了，被困住了

关联词：stick /stɪk/ v. 刺，戳，伸出，粘贴

despairing /dɪˈspeərɪŋ/adj. 感到绝望的，表现绝望的

关联词：desperate /ˈdespərət / adj. 不顾一切的，孤注一掷的，极度渴望的

blinder /ˈblaɪndə/ n. 眼罩

The way to a healthy mentalexperience is not to control our thoughts. The truth is, our thoughts are notalways positive, and they shouldn’t be. To help us navigate the worldand make sound decisions, we need a variety of thoughts, not justpositive ones.

获得健康精神体验的方法不是控制我们的思想。事实是，我们的想法并不总是积极的，也不应该如此。为了帮助我们在这个世界上航行并做出正确的决定，我们需要各种各样的想法，而不仅仅是积极的想法。

sound /saʊnd/adj. 合理的

navigate /ˈnævɪˌɡeɪt/ v. 找到正确方法，导航

长难句分析

No wonder we often drawall-or-nothing lines that（定语从句）putour situation in the “awful” box while（表对比）others seem to be in the “awesome” box.

我们很擅长做对比和比较。难怪我们常常把自己的处境归为“糟糕”，而别人似乎归为“棒极了”。

解析：“Nowonder”放在句首，一般是It’sno wonder that的省略形式，意思是“难怪...”。后面的“that”引导定语从句，在从句中做主语。“while”表示对比，前后是两个并列的句子。

写作句总结

1. Forbetter or worse, our brains are faster than the speed of sound,always racing ahead on the fabric of time-space to see what might lie ahead.

不管怎样，我们的大脑都比声音的速度快，它总是跑在时空结构前，来看看未来会发生什么。

短语：For better orworse

该短语的意思是“不管怎样”。

仿写：For better or worse,flag is an emblem of unity.

不管怎样，国旗是团结的象征。

2. But sometimes, this eagernessto think ahead lands us in trouble.

但是有时，这种想要提前思考的渴望会让我们陷入麻烦。

短语：land sb in trouble

该短语的意思是“让某人陷入麻烦”。

仿写：Revealing confidential information to a rivalcompany could land you in serious trouble.

泄露竞争对手公司机密信息会让你陷入非常大的麻烦。

3. There’sno need to spend time wrestling with this thought right now.

现在没有必要花时间和这个想法较劲。

句型：There’s no need to spend time wrestling with...

该句型的意思是“没必要花时间和…较劲/处理…”。

仿写：There’s no need to spend time wrestling with ignorant person.

没必要花时间和无知的人较劲。

拓展知识

“思维陷阱”是造成一个人职场平庸的根本原因

你有没有想过这样一个问题，为什么有些人在职场的表现是高分低能？我们生活在一个容易让人焦虑的时代，每天都需要主动或者被动地接受大量的信息。但少有人清醒地知道，这些信息悄悄改变了我们的“思维方式”乃至“行为”。引导我们走进陷阱，如果你不能意识到，你可能正在被“思维陷阱”拖入平庸和焦虑的痛苦中。

伴随着知识付费的崛起，近几年出现了这样一群人。他们是朋友圈的“概念狂人”，对权威、意见领袖的观点非常追捧，关于最新的话题他总能发表看法，他们热衷于走捷径，转发的文章总是散发着贩卖焦虑的气味。但如果与他们深入交流，你会发现，除了这些二手的知识，他们对常识和经典基本没有自己的认知。这些人最大的特点是不知道自己的无知，认为自己脑子中的想法是什么样，世界就是什么样。这种人在职场有一个很难缠的习惯：很喜欢先入为主一个自己坚持的观点，然后再围绕这个观点去寻找支持论据。

你听过这样的鸡汤吗？“什么都不如自己可靠。”如果你因为这句话过分的依赖自己，那么你也会走入“靠自己”的思维陷阱。这些人最大的特点就是害怕麻烦别人，害怕拒绝。认为目前事物无法圆满完成的原因，主要是自身实力或资源还不够，所以会一味地增强自身资源以期望达到目标。他们既不能看到别人那里多余的可协作资源，也不能将自己的资源为别人所用。花半秒钟就看透事物本质的人，和一生都看不清事物本质的人，注定是截然不同的命运。事情的本质往往都会和它的发展矛盾相关。如果一个人看事物或者解决工作难题的时候，没有思考背后的矛盾和规律的习惯，就容易流于表面。