05.《模型思维》Model Thinking

Today's book to talk about is Model Thinking. This book, Model Thinking, belongs to the category of townhall, model books. This is probably the most inclusive category of any kind of book. Because it is not discipline-specific. As long as you have a way of looking at the world, as long as you have a solution about a certain kind of problem, then it is a wonderful model. In other words, a model is not a theoretical product of the conceptual world. It is bound up with reality from the moment it is created.
 Therefore, when it comes to the topic of models, one of the things we care most about is its application in the real world. However, as you have no doubt noticed, there are many theories that we know, but we just can't put them into action. Isn't there a saying that you know a lot of truths but you still can't live your life well? So, why is that?
What we often say about the uselessness of collecting may be that when we collect models, we just lock them up in a drawer. It just exists in your memory. Whether you can use it properly depends on whether you have any background knowledge about the model. In other words, it takes a lot of work to really internalise a model into your capabilities. You have to take the model and nest it within your knowledge structure. This is not an overnight effort. To borrow Jiang Xingbo's phrase, you have to be able to be patient, learn and apply and think.
It is actually a posture we should maintain when dealing with knowledge that is already well established, or learning from the experiences of others. Now, let's go back to ourselves, how do we model our knowledge? To address this question.
The knowledge and skills that people possess are by no means fragmented information and random actions; they mostly have some kind of structure, and these structures are models. The best people, or the elite, are the ones who are good at mastering and using these models to solve problems. By switching between models, we are able to see the essence behind complex problems.
Our cognitive process is not really about knowing before we act. Rather, it is about mastering first, then understanding. That is, the thing about models is that everyone actually has them and everyone uses them. And the great thing about masters is that they are able to distill their models from an implicit skill into an explicit tool, and use that tool to speed up the efficiency of decision making.
译文：
 今天要聊的书是《模型思维》。这本《模型思维》，所属的分类是镇馆之宝，模型类书籍。这大概是所有种类的书中，包容性最强的一类了。因为它不分学科。只要你有一套观察世界的方法，只要你有关于某一种问题的解决方案，那么它就是一个精彩的模型。换句话说，模型不是观念世界的理论产物。它从诞生的那一刻起，就是跟现实绑定在一起的。
 因此，谈到模型这个话题，我们最关心的事情之一，就是它在现实世界中的应用。但是，你肯定也发现了，很多理论，我们明明知道，但就是没法贯彻到行动中。不是有那么句话吗，明明知道很多道理，却依然过不好这一生。那么，这到底是为什么呢？
我们经常说的收藏无用论，可能就是我们在收藏模型的时候，只是把它们锁在了抽屉里。它只是存在于你的记忆中。至于能否好好使用它，要看你有没有关于这个模型的背景知识。换句话说，要想真正把一个模型内化成你的能力，是要下一番功夫的。你要把这个模型，嵌套在你的知识结构内。这不是一朝一夕的功夫。借用姜星波的说法，你得能耐下心来，且学且用且思考。
其实是我们在面对那些已经成熟的知识，或者学习他人经验时，应该保持的一个姿态。现在，让我们回到自己，怎么给自己的知识建模呢？针对这个问题，
人所掌握的知识和技能绝非是零散的信息和随意的动作，他们大多具有某种结构，这些结构就是模型。而厉害的人，或者精英就是善于掌握和利用这些模型解决问题的人。通过模型的切换，我们能够看懂复杂问题背后的本质。
我们的认知过程，其实不是先知道，再行动。而是先掌握，再理解。也就是，模型这个东西，其实每个人都有，每个人都在使用。而高手的厉害之处就在于，他们能把自己的模型提炼出来，从一个隐性的技能，变成一个显性的工具，并且用这个工具加快决策的效率。