PPE小百科~致敬前线的白衣天使们

These are Chinese medical workers arriving at Wuhan Red Cross Hospital with a patient suspected of infection with a new coronavirus.
这些是中国的医务工作者运送一名疑似感染新冠状病毒的病人抵达武汉红十字会医院的照片。
The workers are wearing personal protective equipment, or PPE, designed to prevent exposure to infectious materials.
工作人员们穿着个人防护设备（简称PPE），旨在防止接触传染性材料。
According to the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, how the new virus spreads isn't completely understood.
美国疾病控制和预防中心称，新冠病毒的传播方式尚不完全清楚。
Here's the protective equipment that healthcare workers have worn during major outbreaks such as SARS and Ebola and why it's crucial in the battle against the novel coronavirus epidemic.
这是医护人员在SARS和埃博拉等重大疫情爆发时佩戴的防护装备，为什么这些设备在抗击新型冠状病毒疫情的战斗中变得如此至关重要 .
PPE is used for a variety of hazards.
个人防护设备适用于各种危险场景之下。
In the healthcare world, one of the biggest hazards is microbial and that could be viruses, bacteria, fungi, et cetera.
医疗健康领域最大的危害之一是微生物，例如病毒、细菌、真菌等。
Some are fine-air particles that enter your lungs.
有些存在于进入我们肺部的细空气颗粒之中。
Some are contact materials.
有些则在我们日常的接触性材料之中。
Others can enter through various orifices, your nose or eyes.
其他的可通过身体上的各种开口进入体内，例如鼻子或眼睛。
So when we're choosing PPE, it's very important to understand the transmission.
因此，了解微生物的传输过程对个人防护设备的选择至关重要。
Coronavirus is likely spread through a cough, sneeze or other contact with saliva.
冠状病毒可能通过咳嗽、打喷嚏或其他唾液接触的方式传播。
But because much is unknown about the virus, healthcare workers are following precautions to prevent different types of exposure.
但由于目前对病毒的了解还不多，医护人员正采取各种预防措施以防止不同类型的接触。
So today when you look at personal protective equipment for microbial risk, such as coronavirus,
如今用来预防新冠病毒等微生物风险的个人防护设备，you're looking at four items and they would be a face shield followed by a respirator of some sort followed by a disposable coverall and finally gloves.通常由四个部分组成：一个面罩，某种型号的口罩类型，一次性防护服，最后是手套。
Coveralls, face shields, goggles and gloves protect against hazards like Ebola, that can spread by direct contact with bodily fluids.
防护服、面罩、护目镜和手套可防止如埃博拉等可直接通过体液接触传播的病毒危害。
The respirator prevents inhering droplets in the air from sneezes and coughs.
口罩能防止接触空气中他人喷嚏和咳嗽形成的液滴。
Healthcare workers wore respirators while treating patients during the SARS and MERS outbreaks.
在SARS和MERS病毒爆发期间，医护人员在治疗病人时均戴口罩。
The most sort of effective way of these pathogens entering your body is through the respiratory system.
呼吸系统是这些病原体进入人体内的最有效途径。
So that's why most PPE in healthcare settings tends to focus around respiratory protection, protecting what comes into your lungs.
这就是为什么大多数医疗环境中的个人防护设备倾向于专注呼吸保护，防止有害微生物进入肺部。
The highly-infectious nature of Ebola led to the death of healthcare workers in Africa and exposed a potential fatal flaw in the use of PPE.
埃博拉病毒的高度传染性导致了非洲医护人员的死亡，也暴露了个人防护设备使用时潜在的致命缺陷。
We learned very quickly that the sequence of taking off the clothing was very critical.
我们了解到脱下衣物的顺序非常关键。
We had people making the mistake of taking off their gloves and then taking off their respirator or their eyeglasses or their face shield.
之前人们犯了一个错误，先脱下手套，然后再摘下口罩、护目镜或面罩。
And that simple mistake of taking one off before the other contaminated them and, of course, they ended up with the disease.
这个不起眼的顺序错误使他们感染了病毒，并最终患上了这种疾病。
The Ebola epidemic prompted an update of PPE guidelines by the WHO.
埃博拉疫情促使世卫组织更新了个人防护设备使用准则。
A global shortage of masks has emerged as everyday people try to protect themselves from the virus.
随着日常生活中愈多人试图保护自己免受病毒感染，全球出现了口罩短缺。
As you travel the streets of any city, especially in these days, you'll see a variety of respiratory protection.
特别是这些日子里，在任何城市的街道上，你都能看到各种方式的呼吸保护措施。
You'll see people wearing bandanas.
你会看到人们用围巾掩住口鼻。
You'll see people wearing surgical masks.
会看到人们戴着外科口罩。
You'll see people wearing a very colorful masks that they buy downtown.
会看到人们戴着他们在市中心买的五颜六色的口罩。
While both respirators and surgical masks are effective at filtering out large droplets, surgical masks are less effective at filtering out smaller droplets, which can be inhaled through the sides of the mask.
虽然呼吸器和外科口罩都能有效过滤掉大液滴，但外科口罩对小液滴的过滤效果较差，小液滴可以透过口罩的两侧被我们吸入。
So what we have here is an N95 respirator.
我们这里有一个N95呼吸器。
It's 95% efficient at particles down to 3 microns in diameter, very, very small.
它对下至直径3微米的粒子有着95%的过滤率，已经非常小了。
As reference, your hair is 50 microns so this is point 3, it's a fraction of your hair.
作为参考，头发的直径有50微米，所以只相当于头发的一小部分。
As healthcare officials look to contain the spread of the coronavirus, they will rely on the availability and proper use of PPE in impacted areas.
卫生官员们希望控制冠状病毒的传播，他们将依赖于受影响地区个人防护设备的可用性和适当使用情况。
The key to stopping this epidemic is a combination of isolating those that are infected and making sure no one gets reinfected.
阻止该流行病的关键是隔离那些受感染的人，同时要确保没有人被重新感染。
And the key for that infection would be personal protective equipment.
而预防感染的关键则是个人防护设备的使用。
So it's not just about you wearing the equipment to protect your health, it's also about stopping the disease and in this case, personal protective equipment is really the vital answer to stopping this epidemic from spreading.
所以，使用个人防护设备不仅仅是为了保护自身的健康，还有关阻止这种疾病的传播，在这种情况下，使用个人防护设备确实是阻止流行病蔓延至关重要的解决方法。

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