As You Like It 1: The Story and the Context

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As You Like It 1：the Story and the Context

皆大欢喜 1 故事内容：逃往阿尔丁森林

If you thought there was something straightforward about the romantic-comedy formula of “boy meets girl,” think again.As You Like Itwill make you reassess everything you thought about romance, gender and finding true love.

如果你认为浪漫喜剧中那种“男孩遇见女孩”的模式太简单直接的话，那你可能还需要再思考思考。《皆大欢喜》将带你重新思考爱情、性别，以及对真爱的追寻。

As You Like Itis one of Shakespeare's most loved plays, most performed plays, and it has, frankly, a dazzling lead cast of romantic comedy greats, including the largest female role Shakespeare ever wrote in Rosalind. Shakespeare was never so artful, ironic, quick-witted, and warm-hearted as he is with the characters of Rosalind, Orlando and Celia, some of the most convincing portraits of true love he ever painted.

《皆大欢喜》是莎士比亚创作的最受喜爱、演出次数最多的戏剧之一。它展现了一众杰出耀眼的浪漫喜剧角色，其中就包括莎士比亚笔下那位最了不起的女性——罗瑟琳。在创作罗瑟琳、奥兰多、西莉娅这些角色时，莎士比亚的文字是他所有作品中最巧妙、最具讽刺意味的，同时也是最具智慧和热情的。他所刻画的这些人物让我们相信真爱的存在。

But there's nothing sweet or frothy about it. This is a play that has some very hard-edged and sometimes quite challenging things to say about human relationships in both personal and political forms. And it's a play that sometimes provides a challenge to directors. But when they crack it, it's one that gives just epic quantities of satisfaction both to artists and audience members.

但这部剧中的真爱，却没有任何甜蜜或夸夸其谈的成分。对于个人以及政治形态下人与人之间的关系，戏剧给出了一些客观犀利，甚至相当挑战传统观念的看法。有时候，这部戏剧对于导演们而言就是一个挑战。不过，一旦他们找到了应对挑战的方法，他们就会发现，这部戏剧可以为艺术家以及观众们带来无穷的满足感。

My name is Dr. Will Tosh, and I'm a research fellow and lecturer at Shakespeare's Globe in London.

我是威尔·托什博士，是伦敦莎士比亚环球剧场的一名研究员和讲师。

Today, we’re speaking with Dr. Will Tosh aboutAs You Like It, a comedy that Shakespeare wrote around 1599. In this play, the heroine, Rosalind, is exiled from court into the Forest of Arden where, disguised as a man named Ganymede, she flips the script of romantic convention and pursues the man she loves.

今天，我们将对话威尔·托什博士，与他一同探讨莎士比亚创作于1599年左右的一部喜剧——《皆大欢喜》。这部戏剧的女主角名叫罗瑟琳，她在被流放后，女扮男装化名“盖尼米德”，逃去了阿尔丁森林。罗瑟琳这个角色颠覆了传统浪漫戏剧的套路，勇敢追求她所爱的男人。

No longer is a heroine cross-dressing as a boy simply a matter of plot device. It becomes a matter of theme and structure. And Shakespeare really delves into what that might mean in terms of gender, in terms of gender identity, in terms of sexuality, in terms of agency, in ways that I think audiences will find very compelling and astonishingly modern.

女主角女扮男装这个设计不只是为情节服务，而是关乎戏剧的主题与结构。莎士比亚深入探讨了性别、性别认同、性取向、性行为等问题。我认为观众们也会觉得莎士比亚对这些问题的探讨方式非常引人入胜、极其新潮时髦。

This play emerged from a highly significant moment in Shakespeare’s career. 1599 was the year the Globe Theatre opened -- the first theatre belonging to Shakespeare’s acting company. The modern-day Globe, where Dr. Tosh works, is a reconstruction of that original theatre, where you can see Shakespeare’s plays performed today in their original setting. Something about that move to the Globe in 1599 seems to have inspired Shakespeare, who wroteHenry V, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, andAs You Like Itall around this time.

这部剧创作于莎士比亚写作生涯中一个非常重要的时刻——1599年。这一年，环球剧场首次对外开放，它是莎士比亚剧团的第一家剧院。托什博士所工作的环球剧场是在原址附近重建的。如今，你可以在这个复原的剧场中观看莎剧演出。1599年，转到环球剧场进行演出，似乎给予了莎士比亚很大的创作灵感。《亨利五世》《裘力斯·凯撒》《哈姆莱特》以及《皆大欢喜》等都是他在这个时期的作品。

As a range of plays goes, that's an astonishing political thriller, it’s Shakespeare's greatest history play, it’s his greatest tragedy, and it's one of his greatest comedies and the one, perhaps, with the most compelling lead character, all written within a year or two of one another, and we think probably written for the new Globe. So really,As You Like It’s place in this sort of shining couple of years, makes it even more interesting in terms of thinking about Shakespeare's development as a dramatist, as an artist.

这些戏剧中，有令人惊叹的政治戏剧，有莎士比亚最杰出的历史剧，也有他最著名的悲剧，还有他最了不起的喜剧之一，这部喜剧中的人物角色，也许还是他所有角色中最为引人入胜的。所有的这些戏剧，差不多都是在一两年间完成的，因此我们认为，这些戏剧很可能都是为那时新建成的环球剧场专门创作的。正是由于《皆大欢喜》创作于莎士比亚写作的辉煌时期，所以如果我们从莎士比亚剧作家和艺术家身份的发展过程来分析这部剧的话，就更会觉得它非常有意思了。

As You Like Itbuilds on themes that fascinated Shakespeare throughout his career. One is “the escape into the forest”. Another is “warring brothers”.As You Like Itopens with a young man, Orlando, who is angry with his brother Oliver. When their father died, Oliver, the oldest son, inherited his estate. Oliver promised to raise Orlando like a gentleman but has treated him like a servant instead, keeping him around to tend his animals. Orlando demands that Oliver allow him to live like a gentleman in accordance with his birth. Oliver pretends to agree but secretly makes a plan to ruin Orlando. Orlando is competing in a wrestling match at court the next day. Oliver encourages Charles, his competitor, to wound or even to kill Orlando in the match.

《皆大欢喜》的两个主题，是莎士比亚整个创作生涯中都特别感兴趣的。一个是“逃往森林”；另一个是“敌对的兄弟”。《皆大欢喜》一开场，一位名叫奥兰多的年轻人就对他的兄长奥列佛表现出了极大的不满。因为，在他们父亲去世时，奥列佛作为长子，继承了父亲的遗产。奥列佛答应会好好对待奥兰多，但实际上却把他当仆人对待，让他为自己饲养动物。奥兰多要求奥列佛依照他的出身，让他像上流人士一样生活。奥列佛假装同意了，但私下却密谋计划杀死奥兰多。第二天，奥兰多要参加宫廷的摔角比赛，所以奥列佛便怂恿奥兰多的对手查尔斯在比赛中弄伤、甚至杀死奥兰多。

At court is another pair of warring brothers. The older brother, Duke Senior, was overthrown by his younger brother, Duke Frederick, and forced into exile with his followers in the Forest of Arden. His daughter Rosalind remains at court with Frederick’s daughter Celia, and we are told that “never two ladies loved as they do.” Rosalind mourns her father’s banishment, but Celia promises that whenherfather dies, she will give everything she inherits to Rosalind out of love.

在宫廷中，还有另外一对敌对的兄弟——弗莱德里克公爵和他的兄长老公爵。弗莱德里克篡夺了老公爵的爵位，并把他和他的追随者们流放到了阿尔丁森林。老公爵的女儿罗瑟琳依旧生活在宫廷中，与弗莱德里克的女儿西莉娅相伴。她们的关系就像剧中所说的那样“从来不曾有两位小姐像她们这样要好的了”。罗瑟琳因为父亲被流放而哀伤，但西莉娅答应她说，等自己父亲去世之后，她将怀着爱心那自己所继承的一切归还给罗瑟琳。

At the wrestling match, Rosalind is instantly taken with Orlando, even more so when he overthrows the powerful Charles. She tells Orlando, “You have wrestled well and overthrown / More than your enemies.” Orlando is so dumbstruck that he cannot speak until she is gone -- and then he confesses that he, too, is “overthrown.” But he cannot stay at court to pursue Rosalind, because he learns that Duke Frederick is plotting to harm him.

接下来，在摔角比赛上，罗瑟琳在第一眼见到奥兰多时，就爱上了他。而当奥兰多打倒强壮的查尔斯后，她的爱意更浓了。她对奥兰多说“您摔角摔得很好；给您征服了的，不单是您的敌人”。听到这番话，奥兰多惊呆了，直到罗瑟琳走后，他才说出了话，他承认自己也被“征服”了。可是他不能继续待在宫廷中追求罗瑟琳，因为他收到消息说弗莱德里克公爵正在密谋陷害他。

Rosalind, too, must leave court -- Duke Frederick exiles her as he exiled her father. Celia declares, “I cannot live out of her company,” and decides to leave with Rosalind. She suggests they seek out Rosalind’s father in the forest. And to make their travel safer, they will disguise themselves.

而罗瑟琳也得不得离开宫廷，因为弗莱德里克公爵像流放她父亲一样把她也流放了。西莉娅宣称说“我没有她作伴便活不下去”，于是决定和罗瑟琳一起离开宫廷。西莉娅建议去森林中寻找罗瑟琳的父亲，而为了让旅行更加安全，她们决定伪装一下。

We have that wonderful scene at the start where the two of them, I have to say, they're in peril, but they're also like hugely excited, also talking about what they're going to do, how they're going to dress to escape from the court. And Celia gets really excited that she can wear a really drab dress and kind of put dirt on her face and pretend to be Aliena. And Rosalind says she's going to wear a cutlass on her thigh and trousers, and she's tall, so she'll be a boy, it’ll be great. And she'll call herself Ganymede. And they dress themselves up and go into the forest where they pose as brother and sister, Ganymede and Aliena.

不得不说，戏剧开场的这一幕尤其精彩。虽然这两姐妹遇到了危机，但同时她们也无比激动，兴高采烈地讨论着接下来要做什么，要穿成什么样子逃离宫廷。西莉娅很兴奋，因为她可以穿破旧的衣服，可以将黄泥涂在脸上，并化名为“爱莲娜”。罗瑟琳则表示她要在腰间插着一把匕首。并且因为她的身材特别高，她觉得装扮成一个男人一定特别不错，于是她给自己取了个男孩的名字，叫“盖尼米德”。然后，她们就乔装打扮，装扮成盖尼米德和爱莲娜兄妹，逃入了森林之中。

As Aliena and Ganymede, the two women set off for the Forest of Arden along with Touchstone, the court fool. “Now go we in content,” declares Celia, “To liberty, and not to banishment.”

这两姐妹，化名为爱莲娜和盖尼米德，与宫廷小丑“试金石”一同出发前往阿尔丁森林。西莉娅开心地说：“现在我们是满心的欢畅，去找寻自由，不是流亡。”

In the forest, Duke Senior is finding life in exile “more sweet” than life at “the envious court.” In the forest, he finds all kinds of wise and useful lessons about life, discovering, he says, “tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, / Sermons in stones, and good in everything.” Not all of his attendants are so happy with the new life, however. One, Jacques, says they have become tyrants like Duke Frederick by coming to the forest and killing innocent deer for food.

在森林中，老公爵发觉这里的流放生活比“猜忌的朝廷”中的生活“有趣得多”。在这里，他收获了许多生活的智慧和有用经验，他说：“听树的谈话，溪中的流水便是大好的文章，一石之微，也暗寓着教训；每一件事情中间，都可以找到些益处来”。但是，并不是所有的侍从都喜欢这样的新生活。其中一位叫杰奎斯的大臣就表示，他们为了填饱自己的肚子而在森林中猎杀无辜的鹿，就使得他们变成了像弗莱德里克公爵那样的暴君。

Back at the court, Duke Frederick is outraged that Celia has escaped. He hears a rumor that the women may have run away with Orlando. The Duke demands that Oliver bring him Orlando and seizes Oliver’s lands until he does. In fact, Orlandohasfled for the forest, but not with Rosalind and Celia. Back at home, he learned from his servant, Adam that Oliver was planning to murder him, and decided to run away. Adam, who is as faithful a friend as Celia, pleaded to go with him, and the two set off for Arden together.

再说回到宫廷里的故事。弗莱德里克公爵对西莉娅逃跑了这件事大发雷霆。当他听到谣言说两个女孩是跟奥兰多一同逃跑时，公爵命令奥列佛去把奥兰多给抓来，并且还没收了奥列佛的土地，说直到他找到奥兰多后才会还把没收的土地还给他。然而事实上，奥兰多虽然也逃去了森林，但他并没有和罗瑟琳与西莉娅一起。因为，在奥兰多回到家里时，他的仆人亚当对他说，奥列佛计划杀死他，他是因为这件事情才决定逃走的。亚当对于奥兰多，就像西莉娅对于罗瑟琳一样忠心耿耿，于是亚当请求奥兰多带上自己。就这样，他们俩也一同踏上了前往阿尔丁森林的旅程。

Hungry and exhausted, Touchstone, Celia, and Rosalind trek through Arden and pause to listen in on a conversation between two shepherds, Corin and Silvius. After listening to Silvius pining with love for the cold-hearted shepherdess Phoebe, Rosalind approaches Corin about a more practical matter: food. Corin is kind, but says he does not have much to offer. He tends his flock for his master, who pays him very little. The play moves back and forth between representing Arden as a literary space for love and fantasy and escape, and representing it as an ordinary forest full of ordinary physical hardship.

“试金石”、西莉娅和罗瑟琳在阿尔丁森林中艰难前行。突然，他们听到了牧羊人柯林和西尔维斯的对话，谈话中西尔维斯说自己因为对于铁石心肠的牧羊女菲苾的爱而憔悴神伤。接着，罗瑟琳走向柯林，问他要了一件很实际的东西——食物。柯林很善良，但是他说他没有一点儿可以给他们吃的东西。因为，他也是在为别人放羊，而他的东家很小气，只会付他一点点钱。这部戏剧对于阿尔丁森林的描写是反复跳跃的，一方面，戏剧将这片森林描绘成了一个美好的幻想世界，那里有爱，有奇幻故事，是一个避世的场所，但另一方面，这里也有着一般森林都会有的艰难与困苦。

Corin complains about his lot as a tied farmer, someone who doesn't own the land he works on. He doesn't own the sheep he shepherds. And he complains about the miserliness of his master. This is a significant issue in the countryside in Shakespeare's time to do with landlord rights and tenancy and the suffering of the rural poor.And it's not ignored in Shakespeare's play.

柯林抱怨说自己一辈子都只能当一个雇农，根本不可能拥有一片属于自己的农田。他不过是帮别人放羊，这些羊没有一只是他自己的。同时，他还抱怨他的东家很小气。这是莎士比亚时期乡村生活中的一个重大问题，有关地主权利、租佃权以及乡村中贫困人民的悲惨遭遇。莎士比亚在创作戏剧的时候也关注到了这一点。

But then Rosalind offers to buy the flock from Corin’s master and offers Corin better wages. And so she and Celia, still disguised as Ganymede and Aliena, begin their life as shepherds.

没想到，罗瑟琳向柯林的东家提出自己要买下这羊群，并给柯林加了工资。于是，她和西莉娅，继续化名为盖尼米德和爱莲娜，开始了她们的牧羊生活。

Orlando and Adam are also facing the harsh physical realities of Arden. When Adam starts to faint from hunger, Orlando goes to look for food. Meanwhile, Duke Senior’s men are preparing a banquet and -- at the request of Jacques -- are singing, Jacques hopes the singing will make him “melancholy.” Melancholy, for Elizabethans, was a particular sort of sadness associated with profound qualities of thought -- or at least with people who liked tothinkthey were profound.

奥兰多和亚当在阿尔丁森林中，也面临着残酷的现实考验。在亚当饿得晕倒时，奥兰多开始去寻找食物。与此同时，老公爵的人们正在筹备一次宴会，并且在杰奎斯的要求下，他们还唱起了歌，因为杰奎斯希望歌声可以让他感到“忧郁”。“忧郁”，对于伊丽莎白时期的人来说，是一种特殊的悲伤，与深刻的思想品质有关，或者至少与那些喜欢认为自己思想深刻的人有关。

Melancholy is fascinating. It's one of the most characteristic states of the Elizabethan mind. It's regarded as important and productive in thinkers and artists. But also, melancholy is dangerous if it's allowed free reign. It is a disorder. Melancholics were definitely regarded as introspective, thoughtful, sad, and cynical, very Jacques. He is absolutely a sort of stereotypical melancholic. But I think the key thing about Jacques’s melancholy is that it's as much a pose as it is a real condition.

忧郁充满了令人着迷的气息，是伊丽莎白时期那些人思想中最典型的一种状态。它对于思想家和艺术家而言是极其重要且有益的。但同时，一旦放纵忧郁，也是有危险的。因为，忧郁也是一种无序状态。忧郁的人一定是那种内省、严肃、悲伤又愤世嫉俗的，就像杰奎斯那样。杰奎斯就是典型的忧郁代表。但我认为杰奎斯的忧郁中很关键一点是，他的忧郁既是一种故作姿态，但同时也反映了实际的情况。

Orlando suddenly bursts into the Duke’s camp, sword drawn. He threatens to kill them all unless they give him food. But when the Duke responds courteously, Orlando apologizes and pleads eloquently for help. The Duke invites Orlando and Adam to join them at their feast. Orlando now goes from experiencing Arden as a harsh physical world to a charmed literary world. He runs through the forest hanging up poems that declare his love for Rosalind. Touchstone is quick to make fun of the cliched poetry. But when Rosalind learns thatOrlandowrote the poems, she is so excited she can hardly control her words.

奥兰多突然冲入老公爵的营地，拔出了剑，威胁说如果不给他食物，就要把那里的人全杀光。可老公爵却很有礼貌地回应了他，于是奥兰多也向他们道歉，并苦苦哀求，希望他们可以帮忙。听完奥兰多的话，老公爵邀请他和亚当加入，一同享受美食。此时，在奥兰多心中，阿尔丁森林从一个艰苦的环境变成了一个迷人的幻想世界。他在森林中奔跑，朗诵着一首又一首的诗歌，表达着对罗瑟琳的爱意。“试金石”一听到这些诗歌便嘲笑了他们的俗套。但当罗瑟琳听说这些是奥兰多的诗歌时，她无比激动，甚至都无法控制自己的言辞。

Talking is the major pastime in Arden. Many of the scenes in the forest are structured around conversations. Touchstone engages in a comic debate with Corin over the benefits of court and country life. Orlando debates with Jacques about the value of love.

在阿尔丁森林中，聊天是主要的休闲方式。森林中很多场景都是围绕对话展开的。“试金石”和柯林针对宫廷生活和乡村生活的好坏就曾有过一次滑稽的辩论，而奥兰多和杰奎斯也对爱的价值有过争论。

You have a play which in many ways is made up of slightly contrived exchanges between people that nonetheless speak very resonantly to human experience.

在很多方面，这部戏剧的角色间，有许多设计巧妙的互动，这些互动都与人物的经验密切相关。

Rosalind’s experience of love and of coming to know Orlando takes place through talking. Still posing as Ganymede, she strikes up a conversation with Orlando, who confesses that he is in love with a woman named Rosalind. Ganymede says love is a form of madness and that he will cure Orlando of it.Orlando must pretend that he, Ganymede, is Rosalind and come every day to woo him, and Ganymede, pretending to be Rosalind, will drive him out of his love. Orlando agrees to play along, and so they set in motion one of the greatest games Shakespeare ever plays with gender and identity. To appreciate how complicated this game is, we need to remember that all female roles in Shakespeare’s plays were originally played bymen.

罗瑟琳的爱情体验，以及她对奥兰多的了解都是通过对话实现的。在装扮为盖尼米德时，她就与奥兰多有过一次对话。在这次对话中，奥兰多承认自己爱上了一个名叫罗瑟琳的女子。盖尼米德听后，便对他说爱是一种疯狂，而自己有医治它的法子，他告诉奥兰多，必须假想他——盖尼米德是罗瑟琳，然后每天都要来向他求爱。而盖尼米德则会假装是罗瑟琳，从而帮助他去除爱情的痕迹。奥兰多答应了。到这里，莎士比亚有关性别和性别认同的最伟大的一场游戏也由此拉开序幕。要感受这场游戏究竟有多么复杂，我们首先要牢记，在当时，莎士比亚戏剧中所有的女性角色都是由男性扮演的。

We have this beguiling, head-spinning kind of notion that it's a young male actor, an adolescent boy actor, who would have taken the female roles in Shakespeare's plays. This is a young male actor playing an elite young woman playing a boy. And then inAs You Like It,it gets even more complicated, because the boy Ganymede then pretends to be Rosalind in order to woo Orlando. So we have the boy actor, playing the girl Rosalind, who plays the boy Ganymede, who plays the girl Rosalind. It becomes very hard to unpick those layers.

这个概念很有意思，不过也会令人有些晕头转向，也就是一个年轻男性演员，一个青春期的男孩演员扮演莎剧中的女性角色。常常是一位年轻男性演员扮演一位女扮男装的上流社会年轻女性。而在《皆大欢喜》中，这种情况变得更加复杂了，因为罗瑟琳为了追求奥兰多，她所假扮的男孩盖尼米德又要假扮回罗瑟琳自己。所以我们会看到一个男孩演员，在剧中扮演罗瑟琳这个女性角色，而剧中的罗瑟琳又女扮男装变成了盖尼米德，这时盖尼米德现在又要假装自己是女孩罗瑟琳。要拆分这些身份层次就变得相当有难度。

Orlando is late for his first round of the wooing game, causing Rosalind much distress. In a tense conversation with Celia, Rosalind swings between hope and despair over whether Orlando is truly in love. Celia may also be feeling some distress as she senses that Orlando is displacing her in Rosalind’s heart. Their conversation is interrupted by Silvius and Phoebe. Rosalind, as Ganymede, demands to know why the proud Phoebe rejects Silvius’s love, saying “I must tell you friendly in your ear, / Sell when you can; you are not for all markets.” But Phoebe now sees someone she finds much more attractive than Silvius: the “pretty youth” Ganymede.

第一次的求爱游戏，奥兰多就迟到了，这令罗瑟琳万分沮丧。在和西莉娅的一段焦虑紧张的对话中，对于奥兰多是否真的爱她，罗瑟琳在希望和失望中反复摇摆。而对于西莉娅，她也同样有些许的沮丧，因为她感觉在罗瑟琳的心中，奥兰多已经取代了自己的位置。她们的这次对话被西尔维斯和菲苾打断了。扮成了盖尼米德的罗瑟琳很想知道为什么骄傲的菲苾要拒绝西尔维斯的爱，罗瑟琳说：“我得向你耳边讲句体己的话，有买主的时候赶快卖了吧，你不是在任何情况下都有销路的”。但是菲苾表示，自己现在找到了一个比西尔维斯更有魅力的人，就是“可爱的青年”盖尼米德。

Orlando finally arrives for the wooing game. He declares poetically that he would die without Rosalind. Ganymede responds with a touch more realism, saying “Men have died from time to time and worms have eaten them, but not for love.” But when Orlando asks the pretend “Rosalind” to love him, the real Rosalind cannot resist. In her double-layered disguise, she offers her love, and, in a further break with Celia, she has a pretend marriage ceremony with Orlando and asks Celia to carry it out.

奥兰多最终来到了求爱游戏的现场。他诗意地表达着自己对罗瑟琳的爱意，说没有罗瑟琳，自己就会死去。盖尼米德却用非常现实的话语回应奥兰多说：“人们一代一代地死去，他们的尸体都给蛆虫吃了，可是人们绝不会为爱情而死。。”然而，当奥兰多请求这位假扮的“罗瑟琳”爱他时，真正的罗瑟琳根本无法抵抗。在双层伪装下，她交出了自己的爱。在与西莉娅进一步交谈中，我们知道罗瑟琳和奥兰多会举办一场假婚礼，她还要求西莉娅来为他们主婚。

And as Rosalind gets closer and closer to marrying Orlando, Celia is sidelined. And there's that really rather heartbreaking moment where Rosalind kind of effects a kind of marriage with Orlando and ropes in Celia to say, “Youhave to marry us and be the witness”. And she's so shocked. Celia is so shocked.

但就在罗瑟琳越来越接近于与奥兰多结婚时，西莉娅被冷落了。罗瑟琳几乎就要与奥兰多结婚，并说服西莉娅说出“你要为我们主婚，做我们婚礼的见证人”这句话时，这一幕相当令人心碎的。西莉娅对此是十分震惊的。

This pretend marriage is followed by another debate about love before Orlando departs. Silvius then arrives with a letter from Phoebe declaring her passion for Ganymede, which grieves the faithful Silvius. Then a stranger arrives with news about Orlando. He came upon his brother Oliver sleeping in the forest, where he had fled after Duke Frederick seized his lands. A hungry lioness was about to attack Oliver. But Orlando, overcoming his anger against his brother, fought off the lion and saved him. The stranger now reveals that heisin fact Oliver. He has had a “conversion,” or change of heart, and now loves his brother. He and Celia also start falling in love with each other. In fact, they make plans to marry the next day. Orlando is now painfully conscious that hedoesn’thave his beloved. He tells Ganymede that he is done with pretending that Ganymede is Rosalind: “I can live no longer by thinking.” he says. Ganymede promises Orlando that he, too, will be married tomorrow -- to Rosalind. When Phoebe enters clamoring for Ganymede and Silvius enters pining for Phoebe, Ganymede promises to satisfy everyone tomorrow if they will follow his instructions.

在这场假婚礼结束后、奥兰多离开之前，戏剧有上演了一次有关爱情的争论。在这一幕中，西尔维斯拿着菲苾的一封信来了，信中菲苾表达了自己对盖尼米德的爱意和深情，这令热爱着假扮成盖尼米德妹妹的西尔维斯无比悲伤。紧接着，一位陌生人带来了一个有关奥兰多的消息。这位陌生人遇到了奥兰多的哥哥奥列佛，奥列佛那时正在森林中睡觉。弗莱德里克公爵没收了他的土地后，奥列佛也逃到了这片森林中。当时，一只饥饿的母狮正要袭击奥列佛，但奥兰多克服了自己对哥哥的私怨，打跑了狮子，救了奥列佛的性命。最后，这个陌生人揭晓说，自己其实就是奥列佛，他已经发生了“转变”，他的心态变了，因为现在他爱自己的弟弟了。同时，他和西莉娅也爱上了彼此。事实上，他们两人计划第二天就成婚。此刻的奥兰多痛苦地意识到自己没有得到他深爱的那个人。他对盖尼米德说，自己无法再把盖尼米德假想成罗瑟琳了。他说：“我不能老是靠着幻想而生存了。”听完这些话，盖尼米德承诺奥兰多说，他明天也可以结婚，并且是和罗瑟琳结婚。而当菲苾吵吵嚷嚷地走上台要见盖尼米德以及西尔维斯苦苦追求菲苾时，盖尼米德承诺说如果每个人都照着他的吩咐做的话，那么明天他可以让所有满意。

The final scene brings all the characters together at Duke Senior’s camp. Ganymede gives the lovers their instructions: Orlando is to marry Rosalind; Phoebe must marry either Ganymede or Silvius, and Silvius must marry Phoebe if she chooses him. Ganymede exits, reappears as Rosalind, and bestows herself on Orlando. Phoebe, perceiving that Ganymede is no longer available, agrees to marry Silvius. With Touchstone paired with a shepherdess named Audrey, there are now four couples preparing to celebrate their marriages. Then they receive some good news. Just as Oliver had a conversion in his feelings towards his brother, Duke Frederick has also been “converted” by “an old religious man” he met in the forest, and has now restored his crown and lands to Duke Senior.

在戏剧最后一幕，所有的角色都积聚在老公爵的营地中。盖尼米德说出了给这些情侣们的指令：奥兰多要和罗瑟琳结婚；菲苾必须和盖尼米德或者西尔维斯结婚；如果菲苾选择了西尔维斯，那么西尔维斯就必须和菲苾结婚。说完这些，盖尼米德退场，紧接着便以罗瑟琳的身份再次登场，并答应和奥兰多成婚。菲苾知道自己没可能嫁给盖尼米德了，于是她同意和西尔维斯成婚。再加上“试金石”和牧羊女奥德蕾这一对，一共有四对新人将要举办婚礼。正在这时，他们又收到了一些好消息。就在奥列佛对他弟弟的态度发生转变的时候，弗莱德里克公爵也被一位他在森林中遇见的一位“年长的修道士”感化，“悔悟前非”，决定把权力和土地全都还给老公爵。

So I think for many audience members that that central relationship between Rosalind and Orlando is very dazzling. But there are loads of marriages inAs You Like It. There is not exactly a marriage with the Duke and the hermit, the bad Duke and the hermit, but a sort of spiritual reformation -- so all sorts of ways in which individuals are reformed and joined in various kinds of new unions.

我认为，对于许多观众而言，戏剧核心的罗瑟琳与奥兰多之间的关系非常精彩迷人。但在《皆大欢喜》这部剧中，还有许多所谓的“婚姻关系”。例如公爵和修道士，弗莱德里克这位坏公爵和修道士之间的关系，虽然这并不是标准意义上的“婚姻关系”，但这是精神上的一种重塑。所以，一个人的改变，以及个人融入各种不同新团体的方式其实是多种多样的。

Duke Senior is joyful and promises to “share the good of our returnèd fortune” with all his followers when they go back to court. Jacques announces that he will remain in the forest to speak with the converted Duke and leaves the wedding, declaring, “I am for other than for dancing measures.” But the others follow Duke Senior’s lead, who urges the festivities to proceed.

老公爵听到这个消息后很开心，承诺等回到宫廷后，要让曾经跟着他忍受艰辛日子的随从们“分享我恢复了的荣华”。杰奎斯宣布说，他将继续留在森林中，他要去找转变后的弗莱德里克公爵，说罢便离开了婚礼现场，口中还说“跳舞可没有我的份”。不过其他人还是听从老公爵的催促，把婚礼继续进行了下去。

The play ends with an epilogue spoken by Rosalind. She notes that it’s unusual to give the epilogue to a female character. But the epilogue unsettles whether we should call her a female character at all. Like the play itself, the epilogue raises all kinds of questions about gender and identity.

最后，戏剧以罗瑟琳的一段独白结束。在独白一开始，罗瑟琳就强调由女性角色来说独白似乎不大合适。但这段独白却让我们思考是否应该称她为一位“女性角色”。这段独白就像这部戏剧一样，也提出了各种各样有关性别和性别意识的问题。

What does it mean to be a part of society? What does it mean to be a man or a woman? What do those categories mean? How can we flex them or make them do different work than perhaps we have been led to believe that they can do?

成为社会的一部分意味着什么？男性和女性的身份意味着什么？这样的分类有什么意义？我们如何才能够灵活运用这两种性别身份，如何才能让性别履行不同的职责，而不是被它们牵着鼻子走？

As You Like Itis Shakespeare's exploration of his culture's sex and gender system. And if his innovative take on male and female isn't the same as ours, it shows that these categories have always been up for debate.

《皆大欢喜》是莎士比亚对于他当时所处的文化中的性和性别的一次系统的探索。如果说他对男女性别那种新颖的态度与看法和我们的有所不同，那就说明对这两种性别的分类依旧是有待商榷的。