1.9 Unit1 section2 课文诵读

  加强口语·经典背诵 

A.厚积薄发·背诵课文缩写

John Snow was afamous doctor in London who was so expert that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.Buthe was famous for defeating “King Cholera”.

Cholera was adeadly disease and neither its cause nor its cure was understood.John Snow wanted to face thechallenge and solve theproblem.He suspected thatpeople absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.So when another severe outbreak hitLondon, he began his enquiry.He found that many victims linked to the outbreakwere near the water pump,so he had the handle removed.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He drew a conclusion that the polluted water was  to blame .

The watercompanies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.

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约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位很有名的医生，他的确医术精湛，因而成为维多利亚女王的私人医生照看女王。但是他却因为击败“霍乱王”而闻名遐迩

霍乱是一种致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。约翰·斯诺想

要直面挑战去解决难题。他怀疑人们是在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入到体内的。所以当另一场

严重的疫情袭击伦敦时，他开始了他的调查。他发现许多与疫情有关的受害者生活在水泵附近，所以他叫人拆掉水泵的把手。不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。他因此得出结论被污染的水是罪魁祸首。

各供水公司接到指示，不得让人接触被污染的水。最后，“霍乱王”被打败了。

B.完美口语·课文原文背诵

COPERNICUS’REVOLUTIONRRYTHEORY

NicolausCopernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.Although he had tried toignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: thatthe earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if you put the sun theredid the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.Yet he could nottell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would havepunished him for even suggesting such an idea.They believed God had made theworld and for that reason the  earth wasspecial and must be the centre of the solar system.

The problemarose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed tostop, move backward and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared brighter attimes and less bright at others.This was very strange if the earth was thecentre of the solar system and all planets went round it.

Copernicushad thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an

answer.He had collected observationsof the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.But onlyhis new theory could do that.So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it,gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.

In 1514 heshowed it privately to his friends.The changes he made to the old theory wererevolutionary.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with theplanets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.He also suggestedthat the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changesin the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.His friends wereenthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.Hedid not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published

it as he lay dying in 1543.

Certainly hewas right to be careful.The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it wasagainst God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked.Yet Copernicus'theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.His theoryreplaced the Christian idea of gravity,which said things fell to earth because Godcreated the earth as the centre of the universe.Copernicus showed this was obviouslywrong.Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and thework of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.

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哥白尼的革命性理论

尼古拉·哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教会势力的惩罚。教会认为世界是上帝创造的，正因为如此，地球就具有特殊的意义，它必定要成为太阳系的中心。

这样，问题就来了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动，而其他行星看上去有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有的行星环绕着地球转的话，那么这种现象就很奇怪。

哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久，试图找出问题的答案。他曾经收集过观察星球的数据，并且利用他的全部数学知识来解释这些数据。但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。于是，他在1510至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。

1514年，他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋友们看。他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本身还自转，这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及星球亮度问题。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而他却小心谨慎，他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终之前才公布了这一观点。

当然，他小心谨慎是对的。基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。他的理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法，他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心。哥白尼表明这是明显错误的。如今人们可以看到，他的这些想法与艾萨克·牛顿、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬·霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系。