9月14日午间双语播报：年轻人为何不爱用句号?

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Oscars' new diversity rules
奥斯卡推出多元化新政

Starting in 2024, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences will only give the top Oscar to movies that are more diverse - either on screen or behind the scenes. For movies to be eligible for the best-picture award, they'll have to adhere to two of four diversity categories, which cover everything from casting to marketing. For example, to qualify in the "on-screen representation" category, movies must include a key cast member who’s a minority, or focus the story on an underrepresented group.
从2024年开始，美国电影艺术与科学学院只会把奥斯卡最佳影片奖颁给更加多元化的影片——无论是幕前还是幕后。影片必须遵守四个多样性规则中的两个才能入围最佳影片。这四个多样性规则涵盖从选角到市场营销等方方面面。例如，为了符合"银幕上的代表性"规则，影片中必须包含一个少数族裔主演，或者剧情要以代表性不足群体为中心。

The new standards come after years of criticism that the Academy Awards, Hollywood's highest honors, are too white and male. In the 2020 ceremony, only one non-white actor was considered for an acting award, and the storylines of major films were mostly about men. Cynthia Erivo, the only Black performer to receive a nomination for best actress, was recognized for playing a former slave. 
多年来，人们一直批评奥斯卡这一好莱坞最高荣誉过于白人化和男性化，新规因此出台。2020年的奥斯卡颁奖典礼上，只有一位非白人演员入围表演类奖项，大多数电影的主要剧情是围绕男性角色展开。辛西娅 • 埃里沃是唯一一位获得最佳女主角提名的黑人演员，饰演的角色是一个奴隶。

Other categories the Academy will consider when looking at diversity are whether the leadership and project teams are diverse, whether distribution or finance companies behind the film offer opportunities to underrepresented groups, and whether studios actively seek out non-white, female, LGBTQ+ or disabled audiences.
奥斯卡会考虑多元化规则的其他方面包括：领导和项目团队是否多元化，电影背后的发行公司或金融公司是否为代表性不足群体提供各种机会，电影制片公司是否积极寻找非白人、女性、LGBTQ+群体或残疾观众。

重点词汇
1、eligible
英 /ˈelɪdʒəbl/  美 /ˈelɪdʒəbl/ 
adj. 合格的，合适的；符合条件的；有资格当选的
n. 合格者；适任者；有资格者

2、underrepresented
美 /ˌʌndərˌreprɪˈzentɪd/ 
adj. 代表名额不足的；未被充分代表的

3、criticism
英 /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/  美 /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ 
n. 批评；考证；苛求

Kite-makers see sales fly
疫情下印度人抢购风筝

While Italians sang songs from their balconies and windows to boost morale when they were stuck at home due to COVID-19 restrictions, Indians flew kites from their terraces and rooftops. Ahsan Khan, a seller in Mumbai, says, "The period between April and August is usually the leanest [for kite sales], but this year, I have sold about 500,000 kites [during that time]." He adds that neighboring Pakistan had also caught the kite-flying bug during its lockdown. 
因新冠肺炎疫情下的限制措施而不得不待在家里的意大利人在阳台上和窗前唱歌来鼓舞士气，印度人则在自家露台和屋顶上放风筝。孟买的一名卖家阿赫桑•汗表示："四月到八月期间通常是风筝销售的淡季，但今年我却在这一期间卖出了约50万只风筝。"他还说道，邻国巴基斯坦也在封锁期间掀起了放风筝的热潮。

"I am even getting calls from Karachi and Lahore in Pakistan, from people offering to pay me double the usual amount." Khan says that sales have been led by India's smaller cities and towns, as that is where more people have individual terraces or rooftops. This is in contrast to the big cities, like Mumbai, where most people live in flats and have to share such outdoor areas. These communal spaces were officially out of bounds during the lockdown.
"我甚至接到了来自巴基斯坦卡拉奇和拉合尔的电话，那里的人们提出用双倍价钱买我的风筝。"阿赫桑•汗表示，印度的小城镇销量最高，因为那里更多人拥有独立的露台或屋顶。相比之下，在孟买这样的大城市，多数人都住在公寓里，必须共享户外空间。这些公共空间在封锁期间都是官方禁止开放的。

重点词汇
1、morale
英 /məˈrɑːl/  美 /məˈræl/ 
n. 士气，斗志

2、terrace
英 /ˈterəs/  美 /ˈterəs/
n. 平台；梯田；阳台
vt. 使成梯田，使成阶地；使有平台屋顶
vi. 成阶地；成梯田；筑成坛
adj. （女服）叠层式的

3、rooftop
英 /ˈruːftɒp/  美 /ˈruːftɑːp/ 
n. 屋顶
adj. 屋顶上的

4、communal
英 /kəˈmjuːnl; ˈkɒmjənl/  美 /kəˈmjuːnl/ 
adj. 公共的；公社的

Full stop is 'intimidating' 
年轻人为何不爱用句号?

Full stops intimidate young people when used in social media communication as they are interpreted as a sign of anger, according to linguistic experts. Teenagers and those in their early 20s, classified as Generation Z, have grown up with smartphones, which they use to send short messages without full stops. Linguistic experts are now investigating why teens interpret a correctly punctuated text as a signal of irritation.
语言专家表示，在社交媒体交流中使用句号会让年轻人感到恐慌，因为他们认为这表示愤怒。青少年和那些20岁出头的人被称为Z世代，他们在智能手机的陪伴下长大，用智能手机发送短信，但不使用句号。语言专家正在研究，为什么青少年会把正确地使用了标点的短信理解为愤怒的信号。

Linguist Dr Lauren Fonteyn of Leiden University in Holland, tweeted: "If you send a text message without a full stop, it's already obvious that you've concluded the message. So if you add that additional marker for completion, they will read something into it, and it tends to be a falling intonation or negative tone." Unusually, texts ending in an exclamation point – such as "lmao!", "just a cheeky one!", "what body part even is that? I hope it's your arm!" – are deemed heartfelt or more profound.
荷兰莱顿大学的语言学家劳伦•方廷博士在推特上写道："发短信时不加句号，很明显你也已经说完了。所以如果已经结束了，你还额外加上一个表示完成的符号，人们就会从中解读出一些东西，往往是一种下沉的语调或负面的口吻。"不同寻常的是，短信以感叹号结尾被认为是真心诚意或更深刻的。比如，"笑死我了！"、 "真是个厚颜无耻的家伙!"、"那到底是什么身体部位？我希望是你的胳膊！"

重点词汇
1、intimidate
英 /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/  美 /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/ 
vt. 恐吓，威胁；胁迫

2、full stops
[语] 句点

3、linguistic
英 /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/  美 /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ 
adj. 语言的；语言学的

4、punctuate
英 /ˈpʌŋktʃueɪt/  美 /ˈpʌŋktʃueɪt/ 
vt. 不时打断；强调；加标点于
vi. 加标点

5、intonation
英 /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn/  美 /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn/ 
n. 声调，语调；语音的抑扬

6、exclamation
英 /ˌekskləˈmeɪʃn/  美 /ˌekskləˈmeɪʃn/
n. 感叹；惊叫；惊叹词

7、heartfelt
英 /ˈhɑːtfelt/  美 /ˈhɑːrtfelt/ 
adj. 衷心的；真诚的；真心真意的

8、profound
英 /prəˈfaʊnd/  美 /prəˈfaʊnd/ 
adj. 深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的

Study: the moon is rusting
研究发现月球正在生锈 

The moon is turning red, and it's likely Earth's fault. Our planet's atmosphere may be causing the moon to rust, new research finds. Rust, also known as iron oxide, is a reddish compound that forms when iron is exposed to water and oxygen. But not all celestial environments are optimal for rusting, especially our dry, atmosphere-free moon. "It's very puzzling," the study's lead author, Shuai Li of the University of Hawaii, said in a statement. "The moon is a terrible environment for [rust] to form in." 
月球正在变红，这很可能是地球的错。最新研究发现，地球上的大气层可能正让月球慢慢生锈。铁锈，也叫氧化铁，是一种红色的化合物。当铁暴露于水和氧气时，铁锈就会产生。但并非所有的天体环境都适合铁锈的形成，尤其是干燥、无大气保护的月球。论文主要作者、来自夏威夷大学的李帅在一份声明中说："这非常令人费解。月球上的环境对铁锈的形成非常不友好。"

Li was studying data from the JPL Moon Mineralogy Mapper when he realized that the poles of the moon had very different compositions from the rest of it. He found that the moon's polar surfaces had iron-rich rocks with spectral signatures that matched that of hematite. The mineral hematite, commonly found in Earth's surface, is a specific type of iron oxide, or rust, with the formula Fe2O3. "At first, I totally didn't believe it. It shouldn't exist based on the conditions present on the moon," said co-author Abigail Fraeman, a planetary geoscientist at JPL. 
李帅在研究喷气推进实验室(JPL)月球矿物质绘图仪收集的数据时，发现月球两极的构造成分和其他地方大不一样。他发现月球两极表面有富含铁质的岩石，其光谱特征与赤铁矿十分相似。赤铁矿常见于地球表面，是氧化铁的一种矿物形式，分子式为Fe2O3。

"But since we discovered water on the moon, people have been speculating that there could be a greater variety of minerals than we realize if that water had reacted with rocks." The moon doesn't have an atmosphere of its own to provide sufficient amounts of oxygen, but it has trace amounts donated by Earth's atmosphere. This terrestrial oxygen travels to the moon along an elongated extension of the planet's magnetic field called a "magnetotail." Earth's magnetotail can reach all the way to the near side of the moon, where more of the hematite was found, according to the statement. 
"起初我完全不相信。根据月球上目前的环境，赤铁矿几乎没有存在的可能性，"JPL行星地球科学家、论文的共同作者阿比盖尔•弗雷曼说道，"但是，自从我们发现月球有水之后，人们一直在猜测，如果这些水和岩石发生反应的话，那么月球上的矿物质种类可能比我们知道的要多很多。" 月球上没有大气层可以提供足够的氧气，但却有少量来自地球大气层的氧气。地球氧气沿着行星磁场的延长部分(即"磁尾")不远万里来到月球。声明中写道，地球的磁尾可以一直延伸到月球正面。在月球正面也确实发现了更多的赤铁矿。

重点词汇
1、oxide
英 /ˈɒksaɪd/  美 /ˈɑːksaɪd/ 
n. [化学] 氧化物

2、reddish
英 /ˈredɪʃ/  美 /ˈredɪʃ/ 
adj. 微红的；略带红色的

3、hematite
英 /'hemətaɪt/  美 /ˈhiːmətaɪt/ 
n. [矿物] 赤铁矿

4、speculate
英 /ˈspekjuleɪt/  美 /ˈspekjuleɪt/ 
vi. 推测；投机；思索
vt. 推断

5、terrestrial
英 /təˈrestriəl/  美 /təˈrestriəl/ 
adj. 地球的；陆地的，[生物] 陆生的；人间的
n. 陆地生物；地球上的人

6、elongated
英 /ˈiːlɒŋɡeɪtɪd/  美 /ɪˈlɔːŋɡeɪtɪd/
adj. 细长的，拉长了的，偏长的
v. 把……拉长；延长（声音）；（生物）变长（elongate 的过去式和过去分词）

7、magnetotail
/mæɡ'nito,tel/ 
n. 【天文】磁尾；磁层尾

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Hi everyone, here are words you should know from today's news.

No.1 eligible
For movies to be eligible for the best-picture award, they'll have to adhere to two of four diversity categories, which cover everything from casting to marketing. 

No.2 underrepresented
For example, to qualify in the "on-screen representation" category, movies must include a key cast member who’s a minority, or focus the story on an underrepresented group.

No.3 full stop
Full stops intimidate young people when used in social media communication as they are interpreted as a sign of anger, according to linguistic experts. 

No.4 intonation
So if you add that additional marker for completion, they will read something into it, and it tends to be a falling intonation or negative tone.

No.5 exclamation
 Unusually, texts ending in an exclamation point – such as "lmao!", "just a cheeky one!", "what body part even is that? I hope it's your arm!" – are deemed heartfelt or more profound.

To find more audio news, please subscribe to "China Daily English News" on Ximalaya FM. That's all for today. Thanks for listening. See you tomorrow!