【感染】感染与抗生素由来

 1）What is infection?

什么是感染？

Infection is the state produced by the establishment of an infective agent in or on a suitable host.Sometimes it may mean a disease resulting from infection.

感染是一种感染因子在一个适当的宿主体内定居后产生的状态。有时感染是指由感染造成的疾病。

 2）Will the infection spread quickly in the human body?

感染在人体内会很快扩散吗？

No,not necessarily.If the body’s defensive mechanisms are effective,the infection may remain localized,subclinical and temporary.

不，不一定。如果人体的防御机制健全，感染可能仅保持局部性，亚临床性（临床症状不明显的）和暂时性。

 3）What will be the result if the infection spreads?

如果感染扩散，结果会如何？

If a local infection spreads,it will become an acute,subacute or chronic clinical infection or disease state.

如果局部感染扩散，它就会变成一种急性，亚急性或慢性临床感染，也就是疾病状态。

 4）When does a local infection become systemic?

局部感染何时会变成全身性感染？

A local infection may become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system.

当微生物进入到淋巴系统或血管系统时，局部感染就可以变成全身性感染。

 5）Did we begin fighting against infections by using penicillin?

我们与感染作斗争是从使用青霉素开始的吗？

Surely, Prior to the use of penicillin during World War Ⅱ physicians had no effective medicines to treat serious infections.

的确如此，在第二次世界大战期间使用青霉素之前，医生们没有有效药物治疗严重感染。

  6）What’s the situation of coping with various kinds of infections today?

今天对付各种感染的情况又是怎样的呢？

Today we have more than 100 different antibiotics, various sulfa drugs,and many other drugs to cope with infections.

今天我们有100多种抗生素，各种磺胺药和许多其他药物来对付各种感染。

  7）How about the functions of vaccines?

那么疫苗的作用如何呢？

The development of numerous vaccines has virtually wiped out many former killers,both bacterial and viral.

各种疫苗的研制和使用实际上消灭了许多过去的杀手，包括细菌性和病毒性感染。

  8）It seems that infections are very easy to cope with today?

看来感染在今天是很容易对付了？

No.Many strains of bacteria are now resistant to the drugs that once killed them and many viruses are not influenced by antiviral drugs.

不。许多菌株对于过去曾经杀死它们的药物现在有了抗药性，而许多病毒现在也不受抗病毒药物的影响了。

  9）Oh,I see.That’ why there are so many people who are suffering from various kinds of infections.

噢，我明白了。那就是为什么许多人都患有感染。

We must clearly understand that infection is still a serious threat,even in the highly advanced society.In Third World countries,infections diseases continue to cause high morality.

我们必须清楚地认识感染对我们仍然是严重的威胁，即使非常先进的社会也是如此。第三世界国家里，各种传染病继续造成高死亡率。

 10）Is it an arduous task lying before us to effectively fight against infections?

要有效地战胜感染，摆在我们面前的是一项艰巨的任务吗?

Yes,it’s really a long way to go.But,with the development of medical science,many more effective new drugs and vaccines will surely be found.

是的，前面的路还很长。但是，随着医学科学的发展，许多更有效的新药和疫苗将一定会被找到。