（带文稿）0302 VOA语法小课堂：关于adj+prep+ing形式的各种词组

张老邪叨哔叨：

英文中的ing形式用单词表示为gerund, 至于adj(adjective)和prep(preposition)分别表示什么，你看了文中举的栗子就知道啦~

Transcript

        Hi everyone! Today, let’s start the program with a question: What is your city famous for making?

        I’ll tell you my answer. New York is famous for making great pizza.

        Here’s another question that follows the same structure: What are you excited about learning?

    I hope your answer is “how to make sentences that use adjectives followed by prepositions and gerunds.” That is the topic of today’s Everyday Grammar program!

        What’s the structure again?

       Without even realizing it, you may already know several adjectives that use this sentence structure. Let’s look at three of them today: interested, excited and bored.

        Now, listen to two sentences that use the adjective “bored” and think about which sounds more natural:

        Noemie was bored of doing the same job.
        Noemie was bored to do the same job.

       Hopefully, the first sentence sounds more natural to you. If so, your ears are probably accustomed to hearing the structure we are exploring today:

        BE + adjective + preposition + gerund

       In the sentence, “was” is the verb of being; “bored” is the adjective; “of” is the preposition; and “doing” is the gerund. You may remember that a gerund is a verb form that ends in -ing and acts as a noun.

        If the second example sounds more natural to you, you are likely in the habit of making the common mistake of using an infinitive after some adjectives. You may remember that the infinitive form of a verb is “to” plus its simplest form, as in “to do.” But think of the adjective-plus-preposition structure as a signal that some kind of noun will follow, such as a gerund or noun phrase, not an infinitive verb.

          Which prepositions?

       Okay, so I mentioned the adjectives “interested,” “excited,” and “bored.” Now let’s look at the prepositions that usually come after them.

Listen for the word that follows “interested” in the next example:

        He is interested in studying abroad.

        The word “in” is the only preposition that can come after the adjective “interested.” I cannot say, for example, “I am interested about studying abroad.” The good news is that, even though the grammar is not correct, the listener would probably still understand my meaning.

        Now listen for the preposition in this example:

        I am excited about learning to play the guitar.

        I hope you noted the preposition “about.” It almost always follows the adjective “excited.”

        Finally, listen for the preposition in this example:

        They were bored of staying inside all day.

        That’s right – “bored of” usually goes together.

    As you can see, in English specific prepositions follow specific adjectives.

The sentence "I am excited about learning to play the guitar" follows the adjective-preposition-gerund sentence structure in today's grammar lesson.

        Using the negative

      Before we go, let’s briefly hear what today’s examples sound like in the negative form. Here are the three examples:

    He is not interested in studying abroad. He plans to travel after he finishes school.

       Noemie was not bored of doing the same job. She learned something new every day.

        I am not excited about learning to play the guitar. My father is making me do it.

      Can you see how to form the negative? Simply add the word “not” between the BE verb and the adjective. But keep in mind that most native English speakers use contractions, so in real life the sentences would probably sound more like, “He’s not interested in studying abroad” and “Noemie wasn’t bored of doing the same job.”

        Practice, practice, practice

        So what can you do to practice the grammar we talked about today?

        Here’s one idea:

       Try to familiarize yourself with a list of about 20 of the most common adjectives that are followed by prepositions. Then, listen and look for those adjectives whenever you hear and read English. Ask yourself if the speaker or writer is using the sentence structure from today’s lesson.

        You can also practice writing your own sentences and then use them when you speak or write English to friends or practice partners.

       While today’s topic is fresh in your mind, here’s a great way to practice right now. Answer one, two or all of these questions:

        What is your city famous for making?

        What are you excited about learning?

        What are you not bored of doing?

I am very, very interested in reading your answers.

I’m Alice Bryant.

And I'm Jill Robbins.

Words in This Story

bored – adj. feeling weary because you lack interest in your current activity

accustomed – adj. familiar with something so that it seems normal or usual

habit – n. something that a person does often in a regular and repeated way

phrase – n. a group of two or more words that express a single idea but do not usually form a complete sentence

mention – v. to talk about, write about, or refer to something or someone in a brief way

specific – adj. precise or exact

negative – adj. expressing denial or refusal

contraction – n. a short form of a word or word group that is made by leaving out a sound or letter

practice – v. to do something again and again in order to become better at it

familiarize – v. to give someone knowledge about something