高阶动物|第91集：为啥爱狗

Dogs Have a 'Special Genius'

狗狗的天分

Hey, 你好呀~ 上節課的內容都聽溜了麼？

之前課程中卡殼的詞句都複習扎實了麼？

下面進入寂靜靈魂提問 3 秒鐘。。。

今天咱們高節課，來聽一個關於狗狗的內容。

小動物的科技、生物主題一直都是四六級出題最愛的選材之一。

連我們聽到關於貓貓狗狗的知識都會偷偷開心一下，

出題人就更是了。

我現在就很開心，來，我們一起來了解這些小傢伙的知識。

先來聽第一段，我準備了一個問題，你帶著問題來聽哈~

Q1: 狗狗有一種啥特殊的天賦

1

Dogs actually have a genius. �其實狗狗有種天賦。

They have a special genius to understand humans. �一種可以理解人類的特殊天賦。

To cooperate and communicate with us

in a way that really no other species can. �牠們可以和我們互相配合、溝通，

這是其他動物力所不及的。�

再來第二段:

問題是

Q2: 狗狗們是從誰進化而來的？

以及為啥狗狗沒有滅絕？

2

If u look at dogs and their success as a species,

it's kind of a remarkable story. �如果你深入研究狗狗及其成功繁衍的例子，

會發現這是件了不起的事儿。

We know dogs began being domesticated

14 to 25,000 years ago. �我們都知道狗在 14000 到 25000 年前被馴化。

They evolved from wolves. �狗從狼演化而來。

Sadly, wolves are endangered everywhere they're found. �很難過的是，狼在任何地方都是瀕臨絕種的狀態。

And dogs are found everywhere

where u find humans

and they are anything but endangered. �而有人的地方就有狗，牠們絕對不會瀕臨絕種。

And it's all about forming a relationship with us. �這歸因於牠們和人類建立關係。�

下面這個問題的答案，可逗了。

Q3: 當我們看著他們時，或者擼狗的時候

我們產生的反應和什麼一模一樣？

3

When we make eye contact with them

and when we're physically interacting with them. �當我們和狗狗眼神交流，

並有肢體接觸時。

It is causing a

neurophysiological response

that is the exact mirror of

what happens as parents bond

with their newborn infant. �會造成神經生理反應，

這和嬰兒與父母建立親密關係的反應一模一樣。

It leads to bonding and social concern. �這樣的交流建立了彼此的聯繫，以及其他社會關係等。�

Q4 我們發現狗的這個天賦后,

都會產生啥樣的想法?

4

Well, dogs actually seem to have hijacked

that mechanism in us,

so they really have a converged

思想、政策、目标等）十分相似，相同

and become more like humans

than their wolf relatives. �狗狗似乎從人體中偷走了這份機制！

所以在這點上，

牠們趨於一致，

變得比較像人類而不是狼。

Once we realized that

dogs had this genius to

cooperate and communicate,

I think often we're really worried about

some kind of hierarchy. �一旦意識到狗狗有這種天賦，

人類常常擔心會不會有階級問題。

u know,

are dogs smarter than other species,

or is my dog smarter than other breeds. �即：狗比其他動物聰明嗎？

或是我的狗狗比其他狗聰明嗎？

That's just not the case

when u actually study dog psychology. �這不是作為研究狗狗心理學的依據。�

Q5: 上面的問題根本不需要擔心

為啥呢？

5

Dogs have different types of intelligence. 狗有不同的智力優勢。

Each of these types of intelligence,

they vary independently from one another. 每隻狗的智力優勢都不同。

That means

if u're a really great communicator as a dog,

it doesn't mean that

u have amazing working memory

that u rely on. �也就是說，

一隻狗善於溝通，

不表示牠擁有可靠的工作記憶。

If u're a dog

that really is incredibly skilled

at using inferential reasoning to solve problems,

it doesn't mean that

u're a dog that necessarily

has a lot of empathy relative to other dogs. �若是一隻狗善於用推论式推理能力解決問題，

這不代表牠和其他狗相比下較有同理心。�

6

So these things vary independently

and that's then

what is the those are the ingredients

for all the different recipes of personality

that then we get to enjoy

for all those individual dogs

we each fall in love with. �所以每隻狗不盡相同，

每項特質都是我們愛狗的一部份。�

Q6: 你聽聽，下面描述中，狗都能做啥現在？

7

Some of the things dogs are doing today

that even 10 years ago

they wouldn't be doing is

there are dogs trained as cadaver dogs

to find people who have died,

people who are missing. �有些狗做的事是 10 年前都無法想像的，

也就是找尋屍體、失蹤人口的警犬。

There are dogs

that are being used to

sniff out a variety of cancers. �有被訓練成可以聞出癌症的狗狗。

There're dogs

that are helping children with autism. �有幫助自閉症孩紙的狗狗。

Anything that involves social bonding,

the need for

companionship and nonjudgmental love,

dogs are ur ticket. �當你有社會聯繫、陪伴，

以及無偏見之愛的需求時，

狗狗都是你的選擇。�

Q7: 這個主人公為啥喜歡研究狗呢？

8

I enjoy really studying dogs

because not only did they

help me understand humans better and,

obviously find ways to enrich my own relationship. �我很喜歡研究狗狗，

不僅因為牠們幫助我更了解人類，

進而豐富我的人際關係。�

27

But I think it's a really powerful way to study

and even talk about evolution

is through the eyes of dogs. �這也是藉由狗狗的眼睛，

窺探生物演化的好方法。

咋样

是不是很棒的知识

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[本課營養知識點]

1 狗狗有種天賦

2 和我們互相配合、溝通

3 是件了不起的事儿

4 被馴化

5 狗從狼演化而來

6 狼在任何地方都是瀕臨絕種的狀態

7 這歸因於牠們和人類建立關係

8 當我們和狗狗眼神交流

9 當我們和他們有肢體接觸時

10 父母與嬰兒建立親密關係

11 有些狗被训练为寻找尸体或失踪人口的警犬

12 聞出多種癌症

13 幫助自閉症孩紙

14 社會聯繫

15 陪伴的需求和無偏見之愛

16 狗狗是你的選擇

[課程製作] 00

[內容來源] The Atlantic

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[音樂] River by Enya