englishpod_C0095pb

欢迎关注微信公众号“xitongyingyu", (系统英语笔记），后台回复 "Englishpod”领取pdf 完美打印版用来复习哦。

***
M: Hello English learners! Welcome back to EnglishPod! My name isMarco.
E: And I’m Erica.
M: And today we have a very special lesson, because we’re gonna be focusing a little bit
more on grammar.
E: That’s right! Uh, we’re going to look today at the difference between past
simple and past progressive or sometimes called past continuous.
M: Exactly, so, we are going to take a look at these two structures, which are a little bit
confusing at times and we’re gonna be practicing today, but before we get started, why
don’t we take a look at “vocabulary preview”?
Voice: Vocabulary preview.
E: Well, this dialogue is all about telling a story in the past and we’re gonna hear two words
in the dialogue that we need to understand the meaning of. So, the first one – ages.
M: Ages.
E: I haven’t seen you in ages.
M: Okay, so, if I tell you I haven’t seen you in ages…
E: Basically, you haven’t seen me in a really long time.
M: Okay, so, it’s a way of exaggerating a little bit.
E: Yes, um, and this word ages we can use, um, in many different ways like “Oh, I’ve been
studying English for ages”.
M: Or, for example, I can say “I haven’t been to the dentist’s in ages”.
E: Oh, well, I guess you’d better go, ha?
M: Hehe. Right, so, ages – a very long time.
E: Yes! Now, another phrase – to run into somebody.
M: So, to run into somebody.
E: I ran into Matt.
M: Okay, so, if you ran into Matt the other day…
E: You met him unexpectedly.
M: Okay, so, you didn’t plan to meet, you didn’t have a date.
E: Right.
M: You just casually, on the street, met.
E: Exactly.
M: Okay, so, I ran into your friend the other day.
E: Okay, so, two good words; we’re gonna hear both of these in the dialogue. So, why don’t
we get started with “dialogue, first time”?
DIALOGUE, FIRST TIME
M: Alright, very good, so, a funny story and as we saw a lot of stuff in the past, right?
E: That’s right and we’re gonna look at that in a moment, but first we’ve got lots of exciting
language to describe, um, when somebody gets really emotional.
M: Okay, so, why don’t we start now with “language takeaway”?
Voice: Language takeaway.
E: We have four words here. Now, in the dialogue, um, the guy in the story lost it.
M: So, he saw a mouse and he completely lost it.
E: To lose it.
M: Okay, so, when you lose some… you lose it, what are you losing?
E: You’re losing control of yourself and your emotion.
M: Okay, so, you lose your temper maybe.
E: Yep.
M: So, when I lose it, do I just get angry?
E: Angry or upset or even sad…
M: Your…
E: But it’s usually a negative feeling.
M: Okay, so, it’s not a good thing to lose it.
E: No, so, for example, when I showed my boss the sales figures he completely lost it.
M: Okay, very good. So, that’s what lose it means. And now our second word is very
similar, but has a little bit of a difference.
E: That’s right! He started freaking out.
M: Okay, so, to freak out.
E: To freak out.
M: Now, freak out is very similar to lose it, right?
E: Yeah, but why don’t we hear an example now of somebody freaking out.
Example 1: Is just… ah, no! No! Okay, forget it! Forget it! Alright, just, forget it! I don’t
even wanna… just… I just wanna forget it! I just wanna forget it! I… uh! I don’t know! I
don’t know!
Example 2: Okay, calm down, huh! God! Hehe, what? I got a calm down! I’m so happy
again! I can’t even express it! I’m like… I haven’t… have… I even finished one sentence! I’m
like… Hehe! Huh! Gimme a hi-five, baby!
M: Alright, so, we heard this person freaking out and basically it could be losing control or
losing your temper, but also in a positive way.
E: Right, so, maybe, um, you’re really excited about something that’s going to happen, so
you’re freaking out.
M: Okay, maybe you’re very nervous or you’re very excited.
E: Uhu.
M: Alright! And now moving on to our third word – stare.
E: To stare.
M: People started to stare.
E: Staring.
M: Okay, now, when you stare at someone or at something…
E: You look at and focus at something for a really long time.
M: Okay, so, you’re looking at it.
E: Yeah.
M: Or focusing on it
E: Yeah, longer than usual.
M: Alright, maybe when we were small, our parents taught us that it’s not nice to stare…
E: Yeah.
M: At other people.
E: Exactly.
M: Alright, so, to stare.
E: And our final word – when Matt saw the mouse he startedshrieking.
M: Alright, so, to shriek.
E: Shriek.
M: Shriek. Very similar to that movie Shrek.
E: Oh, yeah, it sounds quite similar.
M: Alright, but it’s different. What does shriek mean?
E: Well, why don’t we listen to an example?
Example of shrieking.
E: Okay, so, I think shrieking is to shout in a very high pitched voice.
M: Exactly, that’s to shriek. Okay, so, we saw four really great words in language takeaway
and why don’t we listen now to the dialogue for a second time a little bit slower? And then
we’ll come back and look at the differences between simple past and past progressive.
DIALOGUE, SECOND TIME (slow)
E: Okay, so, there’s a lot of different uses of past tense here in this dialogue, wasn’t there?
M: Yeah, since he was telling a story that happened, he used thepast a lot.
E: Well, let’s now as promised look at past simple and past progressive in “grammar
breakdown”.
Voice: Grammar breakdown.
E: Okay, Marco, before we start our discussion, why don’t we hear one example of past
simple and one example of past progressive?
Example of past simple: You know, just last week I ran into Matt as well.
Example of past progressive: Well, we were talking, catching up on we’ve been doing.
M: Okay, so, we heard that “just last week I ran into Matt”, so, we discussed what ran
into means.
E: Yep, to meet someone by surprise.
M: Alright, and now this structure is the simple past, right?
E: Yep.
M: Now, the second example that we heard was “we were talking and catching up”.
E: Okay, so, let’s look at the difference in meaning here. “I ran into Matt” – happened in the
past, right?
M: Right, simple past.
E: But one moment in the past.
M: So, the action finished, concluded.
E: Started and finished all around the same time, so, it’s one simple moment.
M: Okay. Now, the other example is in the past progressive, so, the action was happening
for a longer period of time.
E: Yeah, okay, so, let… let’s… let’s attach some times to this. Um, maybe you ran into Matt
at 8:04, okay? And so the action started at 8:04, but you were talking and caching up from
8:05 until 9:05.
M: Okay, so, you were talking for an hour.
E: Right, so, it’s a l… the past progressive you use, um, when you’re… when an action is
happening for a longer period of time.
M: Okay, so, to better understand this, let’s have another example.
Example of past simple: Matt saw a mouse run under his chair and he completely lost it.
Example of past progressive: Everyone was staring and laughing.
M: So, as we heard in the example, he “saw a mouse run under his chair”.
E: So, a quick action that started and finished quickly.
M: Okay, he saw the mouse and it ran under the chair.
E: Yep.
M: Now, the second example we heard was “everyone was staring and laughing”.
E: So, maybe this happened over four or five minutes.
M: Okay, so, people were looking at him and laughing and talking about how he was
screaming like a girl.
E: Yes.
M: Okay, so, that’s the main difference between the simple past and the past
progressive – th… amount of time that the action happened.
E: Yep. Alright, well, now that we understand a little bit more about the past tense, why
don’t we hear again in context by listening to the dialogue for a third time?
DIALOGUE, THIRD TIME
M: Okay, perfect, so, now that we understand the words and the grammar behind it,
there’re some interesting phrases here that you can use casually with your friends.
E: Here there’s actually a lot of great sort of meeting and greeting and saying hello
language.
M: Uhu. So, for example, when they met up, since they were old friends, he said “Hey,
Pat!”
E: Hey!
M: Okay, so, this word hey.
E: It’s kind of like “hi”.
M: It’s “hi”, right?
E: Yeah.
M: Ju… and normally you would use it to get somebody’s attention, right?
E: Yeah.
M: Like hey, “I’m over here”, some…
E: Hey, waiter!
M: Okay.
E: Yeah.
M: But in this case like “hey, how’s it going” or “hi”.
E: Yeah, so, it’s a really friendly and informal way of saying “hi”.
M: Okay, and then he asked “how’s it going?”
E: How’s it going?
M: So, again, this is a way of saying “how are you?”
E: Yeah, Marco, what’s the correct answer to this greeting?
M: Well… well, for example, he said “things are going great”, right?
E: Uhu.
M: You can say “yeah, things are great” or “I’m doing well”.
E: Yeah.
M: Or…
E: Even “great”, you know…
M: Great!
E: Yeah, so, how’s it going?
M: Oh, it’s great!
E: Yeah.
M: Right? Now, another one that we didn’t see in the dialogue, but it’s very popular is when
somebody asks “hey, what’s up?”
E: Yeah, what’s up? So, again, what is the right way to answer this question?
M: Alright, so, when somebody says “what’s up”, you can say “well, not much” of if maybe
you have news or something that you wanna share, you would say “well, I just got back
from the doctor’s office”.
E: Yep.
M: Right? But you wouldn’t say “fine, thank you” or you wouldn’t say “very good” or any of
these other common answers to “what’s up”.
E: That’s right!
M: It can be a little bit tricky.
E: Yeah, then… so, the rule is the normal thing to say when someone says “hey, what’s up?”
is “nothing much”.
M: Not much.
E: Yeah.
M: Alright… so, interning ways of greeting casually with people, right? You wouldn’t use this
for, ah… with your boss maybe or in an office setting.
E: Yeah, more… more useful with your friends.
M: Okay, so, if you have any other questions or have any other informal greetings that you
would like to share with us, come toenglishpod.com.
E: Yeah, Marco and I are always around to answer your questions and we look forward to
hearing from you, so, until next time…
M: Bye!
E: Bye!
***