[详解] 英语四级单词磨耳朵(481-510)|每天打卡,跟我背单词

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2022/12/31 更新为详解版

481. hut：/hʌt/ n. 小屋，棚屋；简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)【We aim to spend the night in that mountain hut right up there on the ridge. 我们打算在山脊上那座山上的小屋里过夜。】

482. gum：/ɡʌm/ n. 齿龈，牙龈，牙床【gum disease 牙龈病 // sore gums 牙龈疼痛】；树胶，树脂；胶，粘合剂；口香糖 = chewing gum

483. comrade：/ˈkɒmrəd/，/ˈkɒmreid/，/ˈkɑːmræd/ n. 同志；朋友；同事；战友

484. pond：/ pɔnd/ n.池塘

485. recite：/rɪˈsaɪt/ v. 背诵；朗诵；当众吟诵【She recited a poem that she had learnt at school. 她朗诵了一首她在学校学的诗。】；（口头）列举；逐一讲述【Len recited the breakfast menu – cereal, bacon and eggs, and toast. Len列出了早餐菜单——麦片、培根、鸡蛋和烤面包。】

486. bloody：/ˈblʌdi/ adj. adv. （用以加强语气；很多人认为含冒犯意）该死的【It's bloody cold out there! 外面真冷！// We've got ourselves into a bloody mess. 我们把自己弄得一团糟。(我们把自己陷入这该死的困境中。) 】；流血的，出血的，血淋淋的【a bloody nose 流血的鼻子】；血腥的；残忍的【a bloody battle 一场血战】；v. 使流血；使出血【The first punch bloodied his nose. 第一拳就把他的鼻子打出了血。】

487. chimney：/ˈtʃɪmni/ n. 烟囱；烟道；（屋顶上的）烟囱管【You need to sweep your chimney once in a while or it'll get blocked. 你得偶尔扫一次烟囱，否则它会被堵住的。】

488. conversation：/ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən/ n. （非正式）交谈，谈话；会话【She had a strange conversation with the man who moved in upstairs. 她跟搬到楼上的那个家伙进行了一次奇怪的交谈。// They had a short conversation in German and seemed to be disagreeing about something. 他们用德语进行了一次简短的交谈，似乎在某些事情上有分歧。】

489. precaution：/prɪˈkɔːʃən/ n. 预防，预防措施【The traffic barriers were put there as a safety precaution. 为了安全起见，在那里设置了交通护栏。// Many people have been stockpiling food as a precaution against shortages. 为了预防食物短缺，很多人一直在大量储备食品。// They failed to take the necessary precautions to avoid infection. 他们未能采取必要的预防措施来避免感染。 // Precaution is better than repentance. 预防胜于忏悔。<repentance /rɪˈpentəns/ 后悔;懊悔;悔过;忏悔>】<在日常英语中，比起用‘as a precaution’，人们更常说‘just in case’，如：I'm going to take my umbrella just in case.>；precautions[复数] （委婉的说法）避孕 【If you're going to have sex, make sure you take precautions. 发生性行为一定要采取避孕措施。】

490. rat：/ræt/ n. 鼠；老鼠；耗子【Rats carry disease. 老鼠传播疾病。// I think we've got rats (= there are rats in our house). 我觉得家里有老鼠。】；讨厌的人；卑鄙的小人；骗子；背信弃义的人【But you promised to help us, you rat! 可是你答应过要帮我们的，你这言而无信的小人！】；smell a rat  怀疑有问题 ; 发现不对头 ，感觉情况不对; 有所警觉【I don't think this is coincidental. I smell a rat. 我不认为这是巧合。我觉得这里有问题。】；v. 告密；出卖；违约；食言；rat on sb 泄露秘密；告密【They'll kill you if they find out you've ratted on them! 如果他们发现你背叛了他们，他们会杀了你！】；rat on sth 背弃做某事的诺言【The government is accused of ratting on its promises to the unemployed. 政府被指责对失业者背信弃义。】

491. railroad：/ˈreɪlrəʊd/ （英式常用 railway）n. 铁路，铁道；铁路系统；铁路公司【This town got a lot bigger when the railroad came in the 1860s. 自从19世纪60年代通了火车之后，这座城镇变大了许多。】；v. 迫使（某人）仓促行事；强迫（某人）做..【The workers were railroaded into signing the agreement. 工人们被迫签署协议。】

492. individual：/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl/ n.个人，个体【the rights of the individual 个人权利 // Most churches were built with donations from private individuals (=ordinary people, rather than the government or companies). 大多数教堂都是由个人（即普通人，而不是政府或公司）捐款修建的。// Every individual has rights which must never be taken away. 每个人都有一些不可剥夺的权利。】；（思想或行为）与众不同的人，有个性的人【a strange-looking individual 长相奇怪的人】；adj.个体的，个人的【Each individual leaf on the tree is different. 树上的每一片叶子都是不同的。// Each individual table is finished by hand. 每一张桌子都是手工做成的。】；单个的【We deal with each case on an individual basis. 我们单独处理每个病例。】；独特的，特有的【children with individual needs 有各自需求的孩子 // She has a very individual writing style. 她的写作风格与众不同。】

493. respect：/rɪˈspekt/ n. 尊敬；敬意；尊重；（对不同风俗和文化的）尊重，开明【I have the utmost respect for him but I don't agree with that idea. 我非常敬重他，但我不同意这个想法。// Believe me, this young man is worthy of your respect. 相信我，这个年轻人值得你尊重。// She teaches the students to have respect for different races and appreciate the diversity of other cultures. 她教育学生要尊重不同种族的人，要认识到其他文化的多样性。】；考虑；顾及；重视；尊重；维护【He has no respect for her feelings. 他根本不顾及她的感受。// Everyone has a right to be treated with respect. 人人有权受到尊重。// In their senseless killing of innocent people, the terrorists have shown their lack of respect for human life. 恐怖分子无谓滥杀无辜，暴露出他们草菅人命的本质。】；（事物的）方面，细节【In what respect? 在哪方面？/ 在什么方面？// In most respects, the new film is better than the original. 在大多数方面，这部新翻拍的电影要比老版本好。】；somebody's respects （某人的）敬意，问候【Please give my respects to your parents. 请代我向你父母转达问候。】；with all due respect（通常在表示强烈不同意之前说）恕我直言【With all due respect, that's not a good idea. 恕我直言，那不是个好主意。】；v. 敬重；尊重；注重；重视【I respect that. 我尊重这一点。// I respect his views, although I do not agree with them. 我尊重他的观点，尽管我不赞同。】；慎重对待；谨慎从事；尊重【to respect other people's property 不侵犯别人的财产 // She promised to respect our wishes. 她保证尊重我们的愿望。// He doesn't respect other people's right to privacy. 他不尊重别人的隐私权。】；遵守；不损害；不违背【The new leader has promised to respect the constitution. 新的领导人承诺遵守宪法。】

494. respective：/rɪˈspektɪv/ adj. 各自的；各个的；分别的【We all went back to our respective homes to wait for news. 我们都回到各自的家中等待消息。// Everyone would go into the hall for assembly and then afterwards we'd go to our respective classes. 所有人都去礼堂参加集会，会后各自回各自的班级。】

495. respectively：/rɪˈspektɪvli/ adv. 分别地；分别；各自；顺序为；依次为【The cups and saucers cost £5 and £3 respectively. 杯子和茶托的价格分别为5英镑和3英镑。// Julie and Mark, aged 17 and 19 respectively. 朱莉和马克，年龄分别为17岁和19岁。】

496. compose：/kəmˈpəʊz/ v. 作曲；创作（乐曲、诗歌）；著（书）【Barrington has composed the music for a new production of 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'.  巴灵顿为新制作的《仲夏夜之梦》谱曲。// He composed this poem for his wife. 他为妻子写了这首诗。// My lawyer is going to compose a letter of complaint. 我的律师要拟定一份投诉状。】；组成，构成【More than 17.6 million firms compose the business sector of our economy. 1760多万家公司构成了我国经济的商业领域。// Ten men compose the committee. 委员会由十人组成。】；be composed of sth 由…组成，由…构成【Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氢和氧组成。// The legal system is composed of people, and people make mistakes. 法律体系是由人组成的，但  人会犯错误。】<注意：表示由...构成/组成时，不能用 ‘is composed by’ or ‘is composed with’ things or people. Say that it is composed of things or people.>；使自己镇定；使自己平静下来 compose yourself 【Lynn took several deep breaths to compose herself. Lynn深吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。】；compose your face / compose your features / compose your thoughts 使表情（或思绪等）镇定【When asked a question, give yourself a second to compose your thoughts. 当被问到一个问题时，给自己一点时间使自己的思绪平静下来（整理自己的思绪）。】；排版【I like the way he composes his photographs. 我喜欢他的构图方式。】

497. composition：/ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/ n. 成分；构成；组合方式【The composition of the group that is studied depends on the interests of the researcher. 被研究群体的组成取决于研究者的兴趣。// Some minerals have complex chemical compositions. 有些矿物的化学成分很复杂。// the composition of the atmosphere 大气的构成】；（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品【a composition by jazzman Dave Brubeck, called ‘Chromatic Fantasy’ 爵士乐演奏家戴夫·布鲁贝克（Dave Brubeck）的一篇作品，名为“彩色幻想”// a mixture of traditional songs and original compositions 传统歌曲和原创音乐作品的混合体】；音乐创作（技巧），作曲（技巧）【At music school I studied piano and composition. 我在音乐学校学习钢琴和作曲。】；（绘画或照片的）构图，构思，布局【a group composition 组合构思】；作文【I had to write a composition about the Royal visit. 我得写一篇关于王室访问的作文。】

498. admission：/ədˈmɪʃən/ n. （尤指不情愿的，对过错、罪行的）承认；供认；招认【The Senator's admission that he had lied to Congress shocked many Americans. 这位参议员承认他向国会撒谎，这让许多美国人感到震惊。// Silence is often interpreted as an admission of guilt. 沉默通常被诠释为承认有罪。// Reese, by his own admission, lacks the necessary experience.  Reese自己也承认，他缺乏必要的经验。】；（机构、组织等的）准许加入，加入权，进入权【No admission after 10 pm. 晚上10点以后不准入场。// The young men tried to enter a nightclub but were refused admission. 这些年轻人试图进入一家夜总会，但被拒绝进入。// We are recruiting too many newcomers with poor skills. We need to raise the bar for admission. 我们招聘了太多技能差的新人。我们需要提高准入门槛。// those applying for admission to university 大学入学申请者 <admission to>】；入场费，门票费【Admission: $10 for adults, $5 for children. 门票：成人10美元，儿童5美元。// The cost includes free admission to the casinos. 费用包括赌场的免费入场券。// The Museum has no admission charge. 博物馆不收门票。// The event will be at 2:00 pm. Free admission, limited capacity. 活动将于下午2:00举行。免费入场，人数有限。】；admissions[复数]（大学、医院等）接收的人数；准许加入【Half of all hospital admissions are emergencies, and these are treated straight away. 医院收治的病人有一半是急诊，这些人立即得到了治疗。// There are 13,000 hospital admissions annually due to playground accidents. 每年有13000人因游乐场事故入院。】

499. admit：/ədˈmɪt/ v. （尤指不情愿地）承认；供认；招认【‘Okay, so maybe I was a little bit scared, ’ Jenny admitted. “好吧，也许我是有点害怕，”Jenny承认道。// In all fairness, he had to admit that she had a point. 平心而论，他不得不承认她有理。// I have to admit, I'm enjoying it very much. 我得承认，我很喜欢。// Paul admitted to me that he sometimes feels jealous of my friendship with Stanley. Paul向我承认，他有时会嫉妒我和Stanley的友谊。// I must admit, I didn't actually do anything to help her. 我必须承认，我实际上没帮上她什么。// Admit it! I'm right, aren't I? 承认吧！我是对的，不是吗？// Dana admitted feeling hurt by what I had said. Dana承认我所说的话让她感到很受伤。// Greene admitted causing death by reckless driving. Greene供认鲁莽驾驶导致死亡。// After questioning, he admitted to the murder. 经过审问，他招认了谋杀。// No organization has admitted responsibility for the bombing. 没有组织承认对爆炸事件负责。】；允许…进入（某处）【Only ticket-holders will be admitted into the stadium. 只有持票者才能进入体育场。】<在日常英语中，比起用'admit someone'，人们更常用'let someone in'：They won't let you in without a ticket.>；准许…加入（俱乐部、组织）；接收（入学）；接纳【Drake was admitted into the club in 1997. Drake于1997年被俱乐部接纳。】；接收...入院；收治【What time was she admitted? 她什么时候入院的？】

500. astonish：/əˈstɒnɪʃ/ v. 使吃惊；使惊讶 = to surprise someone very much【Her reply astonished me. 她的回答使我吃惊。// It astonished him that she had changed so little. 令他诧异的是，她几乎没什么变化。// What astonishes me most is his complete lack of fear. 最令我吃惊的是他的毫无畏惧。】  

501. luxury：/ˈlʌkʃəri/ n. 奢华，奢侈，豪华【She stole to keep her boyfriend in luxury. 她偷窃，是为了让男友过奢华的生活。// It's a luxury to have such a beautiful home on that salary. 那种薪水却拥有这么漂亮的房子，真是太奢侈了。】；奢侈品，名贵品【luxuries like chocolate and perfume 巧克力和香水等奢侈品】；奢侈，奢望；不常有的乐趣；难得的享受【A day off work is such a luxury. 休息一天不用上班简直是一种奢望。】

502. pigeon：/ˈpɪdʒɪn/ n. 鸽子;（比赛用的）信鸽

503. immediately：/ɪˈmiːdiətli/ adv. 立即，马上，即刻【Mix in the remaining ingredients and serve immediately. 加入剩余的配料，立即食用。// The telephone rang, and he answered it immediately. 电话铃响了，他立刻接了电话。// His parents wired for him to come home immediately. 他的父母打电报让他马上回家。// Whatever she does not use, she discards immediately. 无论是什么，只要是她不用的东西，她都会立即丢弃。】<在日常英语中，比起用'immediately'，人们更常用'right away'，或者，英式英语更常用'straight away'，如：Yes, I'll do it right away.>；（距离或时间上）接近，紧接，附近【He retired immediately after the end of the war. 战争结束后，他马上退休了。<immediately after something / immediately following something>// I can't remember what happened immediately before the crash. 我不记得坠机前发生了什么。<immediately before something / immediately preceding something> // the seat immediately behind the driver 紧挨着司机的座位】

504. immediate：/ɪˈmiːdiət/ adj. 立即的，即刻的【They promise immediate action to help the unemployed. 他们承诺立即采取行动帮助失业者。// If the eyes are affected, seek immediate medical attention. 如果眼睛受到感染，请立即就医。// The government should take immediate action, lest the problem of child poverty grow worse. 政府应该立即采取行动，以免儿童贫困问题恶化。】；目前的；当前的；尽快的；迫切的【Let's try and solve the most immediate problem. 让我们试着解决最迫切的问题。// There is an immediate danger of war. 战争的危险迫在眉睫。】； 接近的；附近的；紧接的【The most immediate effect of retirement is a dramatic reduction in living standards. 退休最直接的影响是生活水平的大幅下降。// He promised that there would be no tax increases in the immediate future. 他承诺在不久的将来不会增加税收。// It is a thriving shopping centre for the people who live in the immediate area. 对于住在附近地区的人来说，这是一个繁荣的购物中心。// There are several hotels in the immediate vicinity of the station. 车站附近有几家酒店。// This is a decision which will bear on your immediate future. 这是一个会对你近期产生影响的决定。】

505. excessive：/ɪkˈsesɪv/ adj. 过分的；过度的；过多的 = too much【$15 for two beers seems a little excessive. 两杯啤酒15美元似乎有点过分。// Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health problems. 体育锻炼过度有时也会导致健康问题。// Excessive drinking can lead to serious health problems. 过量饮酒会导致严重的健康问题。// He filed a lawsuit claiming the officer used excessive force. 他提起诉讼，声称该警员过度使用武力。// The cop was charged with and convicted of excessive force, but the police union got him off the hook. 这名警察被指控过度使用武力并被定罪，但警察工会让他摆脱了困境。】

506. tax：/tæks/ n. 税；税款【He already pays 40% tax on his income. 他已经为自己的收入缴纳了40%的税。// Do I have to pay tax on that?  我得为此纳税吗？// In some countries, charities are exempt from paying tax. 在一些国家，慈善机构免税。<exempt from... 使…免除，使…免做>】；v. 对…征税，对…课税【The individual is taxed on the amount of dividend received. 个人根据收到的股息金额纳税。// Cigarettes are heavily taxed in Britain. 英国对香烟征收重税。】 ；使负重担；使大伤脑筋【He only has to read a short report - it shouldn't tax him too much. 他只需读一篇简短的报告——这应该不会耗费他太多精力的。// The kids are really taxing my patience today. 孩子们今天真的让我大伤脑筋。// It shouldn't tax your brain too much. 这应该不会让你太伤脑筋。】

507. heading：/ˈhedɪŋ/ n. （页首或章节开头的）标题；（讲话或作品各章节的）主题【chapter headings 章节标题】

508. meter：/ˈmiːtər/ (英式拼写为 metre) n. （长度单位）米；（用于测量电、煤气、水等，以及时间和距离的）计量器，计量表【A man came to read the electricity meter. 有位男子来查过电表。// The taxi driver left the meter running while I ran in to pick up my bags. 出租车司机开着计价器，我跑进去取行李。】

509. tract：/trækt/ n.大片土地；地带【vast tracts of woodland 大片林地 // The house is surrounded by vast tracts of woodland. 这幢房子周围是大片的林地。】；（尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文，传单，小册子【a tract on the dangers of drink 关于饮酒危害的一篇文章】；（连通身体组织或器官的）管，道，束【the digestive tract 消化道 // a nerve tract 神经束 // the urinary tract 尿道 // the respiratory tract 呼吸道】

510. embarrass：/ɪmˈbærəs/ v.使尴尬，使窘迫；使为难【He didn't want to embarrass her by asking questions. 他不想问问题使她难堪。// The revelations in the press have embarrassed the government. 媒体披露的情况使政府感到尴尬。// You're embarrassing him with your compliments! 你的赞美之词使他很不好意思。】