阿迈勒·克鲁尼 | 2018年度全球公民奖致辞

I am here tonight to honor you: the journalists being recognised for ground-breaking reporting this year. It feels like an important – even essential – time to honor responsible journalism – journalism that takes time, tenacity, a commitment to finding reliable sources, digging deep and checking things over and over again, even if it means allowing another story to come out before yours.

今夜，我以你们为荣：我想向所有在这一年里贡献于突破性报道的记者们致以敬意。眼下是一个至关重要的时刻，向恪尽职守的新闻业致以敬意。新闻行业愿意倾注时间，不屈不挠，致力于挖掘来源可靠的消息，并且层层深入，反复确认，哪怕这意味着你的故事只能让步于其他人延后发布。

We need good journalists more than ever at a time when we are deluged with information from different platforms, and when the accuracy of news is constantly being questioned for political purposes. So often, we are paralysed and unable to debate how to respond to international crises because we can’t even agree on basic facts.

我们比任何时候都更需要这些优秀的记者，因为如今我们的四周充斥着来自不同平台的讯息，碍于政治目的，新闻的准确性不断遭受质疑与攻击。所以我们时常处于混沌当中，无法就如何应对国际危机的问题自由辩驳，因为哪怕是基本事实，我们也无法达成一致。

How can you discuss what to do about rising sea levels with someone who doesn’t believe that they are rising, because they think climate change is a hoax? You won’t get far debating immigration with someone who has bought into propaganda that refugees and Muslims pose an inherent danger to society. We do not live in a post-truth world, we just need news that is based on truth. And for that, we need responsible…for that, we need responsible journalists who are committed to exposing it.

你如何能让那些人认为海平面从未上升过的人讨论如何应对海平面上升呢？在他们看来气候变暖只是一个骗局。你不可能与那些已经被媒体所洗脑相信难民与穆斯林只会为社会带来灾难的人就移民问题展开深入探讨。我们不是生活在一个后真相时代，我们想要的只是实事求是的新闻报道。为此，我们需要那些心怀责任，敢于揭露真相的记者朋友们。

And yet you, the press, are under attack like never before. You are being jailed at a higher rate than ever. And you are dying while covering wars – not just because you walk unarmed into the most dangerous places on Earth – but because you are being targeted for exposing crimes committed in war, for speaking the truth that perpetrators find the most difficult to hear.

然而如今，新闻界正在遭受着前所未有的打击，被捕入狱的记者数量高于以往任何一年。因报道战争行业深陷困境，如此打压不仅是因为你赤手空拳行走在这个世界上危险的地方，还因为你试图揭露战争罪行，试图曝光作恶者们雪藏的真相。

As we sit here tonight, two innocent reporters sit in a jail cell in Myanmar. In locking up these two journalists, and a whistle-blower, the authorities are of course signaling to others, what can happen if you dare to tell the truth. The chilling effect is real, and has already been felt out only in Myanmar but further afield. And sadly, similar examples abound in autocratic regimes from North Korea to Philippines to Hungary, Turkey and Brazil.

当我们在此召开会议之时，两位无辜的记者依旧被看守于缅甸的监狱之中。之所以迫害两名记者和告发者入狱，有关当局显然是在向大众传递一个信号：警告你，这就是揭露真相的后果。这让人不寒而栗，并且这样的恐惧震慑已经蔓延到缅甸以外的区域。令人心痛的是这样类似的例子在专政权中比比皆是。从朝鲜到菲律宾，再到匈牙利，土耳其，巴西。

The U.S. President has given such regimes a green light, and labelled the press in this country the enemy of the people. And of course, two months ago, a Washington Post journalist, Jamal Khashoggi, walked into a consulate in Istanbul and was brutally tortured to death.

美国总统特朗普已然为这些专制政权亮了绿灯，并将这个国家的新闻媒体人成为“人民的敌人”。我们都知道两个月前一位华盛顿邮报记者贾迈勒·卡舒吉进入沙特驻伊斯兰布尔领事馆之后惨遭残忍折磨致死。

As we mark, this week, 70 years since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, we can only conclude that we are far from achieving its goal of ensuring human rights for all. Yet we have come a long way. And I am optimistic. I am optimistic when I see that Mohamed Nasheed is no longer in the prison cell where I first met him in the Maldives. After we secured asylum for him in the U.K., he helped his party campaign in his country’s recent elections, and last month they won, restoring that country to a path that respects human rights.

正如这周我们所纪念的，《世界人权宣言》已颁布70周年，但我们必须承认，距离确保人人享有人权我们还有很长一段路要走。不过，我们已经迈出了一大步，对此我非常地乐观。当我看到马尔代夫前总统穆罕默德·纳希德不再被关押于我们初次见面的马尔代夫监狱。当我们为他争取到英国的政治庇护，他在最近的选举中继续帮助自己的党派造势。而上个月，他们获得了胜利，重新带领这个国家恢复到尊重人权的道路上。

In closing let me say a few words about the future. There is much that needs to be done to provide more protection for journalists. States should repeal criminal sanctions in laws that target speech like sedition, blasphemy and defamation, and they should narrow the scope of other laws that can easily be used to silence critical speech. NGOs should push for the release of journalists who are subjected to politically motivated prosecutions, wherever they are and for as long as it takes. This is something that George and I are actually focusing on through our Foundation’s Trialwatch program, where we are going to be monitoring trials of journalists around the world, report abuses and fund legal representation to assist journalists who are unjustly imprisoned.

最后，请允许我谈谈关于未来行动的浅知拙见。想要为记者们提供更多保护，我们还有很多工作要做。在法律上，国家应该废除针对像煽动，亵渎和诽谤言论的刑事制裁，并虽小其他法律条例的适用范围，以避免有人滥用法律的幌子禁声那些批判性言论；非政府组织应尽力争取推进释放那些出于政治动机被起诉的记者们，不论他们深陷何处，要花多久时间，都要努力跟进。这是我和乔治透过我们基金会中的Trialwatch项目所密切关注的，这个项目会一直监督全世界法庭对记者们的审判，举报任何形式的滥用和资助法律代表以帮助那些遭到不公正监禁的记者们。

And the U.N., for its part, should establish a standing panel of experts who can be on call to investigate credible allegations of serious human rights abuse, including crimes committed against members of the press.

而联合国，在这一问题上，应当组建一个常设专家小组，能随时待命，立即着手调查严重侵犯人权的可信指控，包括对新闻界成员所犯下的罪行。

In the last story that Jamal Khashoggi wrote in the Washington Post, published after his death, he lamented the fact that the vast majority of countries in the Arab world lack a free press, and that as a consequence, millions of Arabs are either uninformed or misinformed. He spoke of a colleague who was serving an unwarranted prison sentence for criticising theSaudi establishment. And he bemoaned the fact that the Egiptian government’s censorship of an independent newspaper quote, “did not enrage or provoke a reaction from colleagues”. His grim conclusion was that, in his words, “ these actions no longer carry the consequence of a backlash from the international community. Instead, these actions may trigger condemnation quickly followed by silence.”

在贾迈勒·卡舒吉为华盛顿邮报撰写的最后一篇文章中，这篇稿子在他去世后发布了，他为这一现状而沮丧：绝大多数阿拉伯国家缺乏新闻媒体自由，这导致数以百万的阿拉伯人要么不知情，要么被误导。他提到一位同事正遭受毫无根据的监禁，只因批评了沙特当局。他叹息埃及政府对一家独立新闻报纸的审查“并没有激怒或引发同僚们的任何反抗”。他可怕地总结道：“这种行为在国际社会上也不再有任何后果，最多就是被轻声谴责一番然后迅速被遗忘。”

Of course the question now is whether his words hold true in the face of this own brutal killing. Will there just be condemnation, followed by silence? To honour his memory, and to build a safer future for all journalists, we must make sure we prove him wrong.

现在我们面临的问题便是在他被残忍杀害一事实上，他曾说过的话会不会一语成谶。当真只会被轻声谴责，而后在沉默中被遗忘吗？为了纪念他，为了给记者朋友们建造一个更安全的未来，我们必须证明他错了。

Thank you so much for your attention. And what is great honour!

感谢大家的聆听，这是我的荣幸！