凯特·布兰切特 | 联合国演讲：呼吁关注罗兴亚难民问题！

Distinguished delegates, Mr. Secretary-General, ladies and gentlemen

尊敬的各位会议代表，联合国秘书长，女士们先生们：

I am honoured by the opportunity to address the Security Council at this critical juncture.

我非常荣幸能有此机会在如此关键的时刻，在联合国安理会会议上发表讲话。

I am not here as an expert, I stand before you merely as a witness as someone who has seen and cannot look away.I went to Bangladesh last March as a UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador to see what I could possibly contribute in responding to the massive humanitarian needs unfolding there.Nothing could have prepared me for the extend and depth of the suffering I saw.

我并不是什么专家,我只是以以为目击者的身份在此发言，在我亲眼见到那些画面后，便再也无法移开视线。去年3月，我以联合国难民署亲善大使身份前往孟加拉国，想着自己也能尽一份绵薄之力吧，因为当地对于人道主义援助的需求达到空前程度。而当时的我根本没有意识到，自己会在那里看到痛楚与苦难的深渊。

An eighteen year old woman who I’ll call Laila is chief amongst my memories, one of the 720,000 stateless Rohingya refugees who fled violence and abuse in Myanmar’s Rakhine State since last August. Laila fled her burning village with her infant son, Yousuf. As she cradled Yousuf in her arms, she described to me how her husband was forcibly taken from their village and how he has not been heard from since. How five days later, these same people returned setting fire to her home and forcing her to flee alone with her baby. She saw her uncle killed by men with knives. She told me:” when I saw this, I just ran.” She and her son hid in a forest for months surviving off plants and trees.

一位18岁的女孩，我们就管她叫莱拉吧，在我的记忆中刻下深深的烙印，她是72万无国籍的罗兴亚难民中的一位，去年8月，罗兴亚人逃离家园，以躲避缅甸若开政府部队的暴力虐待。莱拉抱着还是个婴孩的儿子尤素夫，逃离了一片火海的村庄。她将尤素夫抱在怀里，向我讲述了她的丈夫被强行带离他们的小村庄，从那以后，丈夫便音讯全无，再也不知下落。5天后，那群将她丈夫带走的人又回到村庄，他们一把火烧掉了她整个家，莱拉只能独自一人抱着孩子逃命。她亲眼见到自己的舅舅被那些人拿刀捅死。她告诉我：“看到这一切，我只能选择逃命。”她带着儿子在树林里躲藏了好几个月，啃草根树皮充饥，勉强度日。

Her harrowing journey ended in Bangladesh where her present hardship persists. Another refugee family took her and Yousuf in sharing their cramped shelter. And I sat with Laila, a small child was playing behind me and I noticed some terrible scars on his leg. When I asked how he came by these, his family told me that he had been caught in the flames when their home had been torched. Luckily they pulled him free but the scars will remain: both the physical and the psychological.

她这段悲惨之旅，在她抵达孟加拉国后结束，而在孟加拉国，她又陷入另一番艰难困境。当地的一户难民家庭收留了莱拉和她的儿子，所有人挤在一个狭小的避难所里。当时我与莱拉并肩坐下，一个小男孩在我身后玩耍，我注意到孩子的腿上布满了可怖的疤痕。于是我便询问这些疤痕从何而来，孩子的家人告诉我，他们当时被人放火烧家，孩子没能逃离，一度被困于大火之中。幸运的是孩子最终被救出，性命无碍，可这些疤痕却再也无法抹去，这种双重疤痕既是生理上的，更是心理上的。

If only such stories were atypical but visiting with refugee families in Bangladesh, I found that they were shockingly routine.Like you, I have heard the gut-wrenching accounts stories of grave torture, of women brutally violated, people who have had their loved ones killed before their eyes, children who have seen their grandparents locked in houses that were set alight.

要是这样的故事只是个案就好了，当我在孟加拉国走访了许许多多的难民家庭之后，我才吃惊地发现与之类似的事情实在太过常见。跟你们一样，我也曾听过许多伶人痛心扼腕的故事，我听过可怕残暴的酷刑，女性惨遭强行侵犯，也听说有人曾亲眼见到挚爱的人在自己眼前被血腥杀害，还有无辜的孩子看着爷爷奶奶被困于熊熊大火的房子里，最终被活活烧死。

I am a mother and I saw my own children in the eyes of every single refugee child that I met. I saw myself in every parent. How can any mother endure seeing her child thrown into a fire?Their experiences will never leave me.

我是一名母亲，当我望着孟加拉难民营里那些孩子们的眼睛，我仿佛看到自己孩子的身影。我也在那些父母身上看到了自己。请问，哪个母亲能够忍受亲眼看到自己孩子被扔进火坑之中？他们的经历此生此世都将伴随着我。

And this is why I am immensely grateful that the Security Council-the principle body responsible for maintaining international peace and security is working in unison to resolve this crisis. And i’m particularly thankful to you, Mr. Secretary-General for giving a voice to the Rohingya for over the last decade and for continuing to demonstrate exemplary leadership on this matter. And I must also pay homage to the former Secretary-General the late Dr. Kofi Annan who has given us a clear and practical vision to resolve the crisis in Rakhine State. A vision that is shared by this Council and one which the Government of Myanmar has committed to implementing.

这就是为何我要向联合国安理会表达无限的感激之情--联合国安理会是负责维护国际和平与安全最重要的机构，号召齐心协力，共同解决这一危机。秘书长先生，我更要向您表达我的感激之情，感谢您过去这10多年来一直在为罗兴亚难民发声，也感谢您在这一问题上继续发挥模范领袖的表率作用。同时，我也要向联合国前秘书长安南致敬，正是已故的安南先生，为我们提供了一个明确且务实的愿景，以解决缅甸若开邦难民危机。这一愿景既是联合国理事会的共同愿景，也是缅甸政府承诺将会实现的愿景。

A vision that, if realized will ensure that women, men and children of different religions ethnicities and backgrounds in Rakhine State can thrive collectively. But as this Council and the UN work with the Government of Myanmar to ensure this urgent efforts are still needed for the Rohingya in Bangladesh.

这一愿景一旦得以实现，才能真正保障拥有不同宗教、种族和文化背景的若开邦的女性、男性和孩子们能够共同生活，繁荣发展。在安理会、联合国与缅甸政府展开竭诚合作以实现这一愿景的同时，此刻也迫切需要各方努力，以帮助身处孟加拉国的罗兴亚难民。

Mr. President, it is important to recall that this is not the first wave if massive forced displacement of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar to Bangladesh in the past 40 years. The scale of displacement is so large and so severe that today there are more Rohingya living in exile than in Myanmar itself.

主席先生，我们必须牢记，纵观过去这40年，这已经不是罗兴亚难民第一次被迫从缅甸大规模流离失所，逃至孟加拉国。被迫迁徙的人口数量之大，以至于至今流亡在外的罗兴亚人甚至比缅甸国内的还要多。

In 1978, 200,000 Rohingya refugees streamed into Bangladesh fleeing brutality and widespread abuse. Gul Zahar, a young Rohingya woman, was amongst those who fled. Fourteen years later, in 1992, another wave of violence forced 250,000 stateless Rohingya refugees to seek safety once again in neighboring Bangladesh. Once again, Gul Zahar was amongst those who fled.

1978年，20万罗兴亚难民逃离家园，流入邻国孟加拉国，为躲避政府军大规模的暴行和压迫。古尔·扎哈尔，一位年轻的罗兴亚姑娘，就是当年逃离的难民之一。14年之后，在1992年，暴力冲突再次发生，致使25万被无国籍的罗兴亚难民逃离邻国孟加拉国，寻求庇护。而古尔·扎哈尔也因此再一次被迫流亡。

Today, there are 900,000 stateless Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Gul Zahar, now 90-years of age is sadly amongst them once more. Four decades following her initial flight, Gul lives in abject poverty in Bangladesh with the sole wish that her great grandchildren will have a better future.

而现如今，又有90万无国籍罗兴亚难民流亡至孟加拉国。如今已是90高龄的古尔·扎哈尔，很不幸地再一次沦为其中一员。距离她当年第一次逃亡已经过去40余载，现在的古尔生活在孟加拉国一贫如洗的难民营里，而她只有一个心愿，但求自己的曾孙们能拥有更加美好的未来。

The need for this future to transpire inside Myanmar has never been more urgent. If we fail to act now, Gul’s grandchildren, like thousands of others will be unable to escape this relentless cycle that generations of Rohingya have experienced.

帮助缅甸重建美好生活从未如此迫在眉睫。如果我们此刻不行动，那么，古尔的孙辈们，还有无数跟他们一样的孩子，便永远无法逃离这无止境的残酷循环，只能过着和前辈们一样颠沛流离的悲惨生活。

Mr. President, Bangladesh’s recent response receiving over 700,000 refugees in a matter of months and providing them safety is one of the most visible and significant gestures of humanity in our time. But the needs are vast. The suffering is acute. Much more international support is needed. Thanks to the efforts of the Bangladesh government, the host communities, UN agencies, NGOs and the refugees themselves, lifesaving efforts have ensured that the Rohingya refugees have endured the monsoons, largely unscathed.

主席先生，孟加拉国近期的难民对策：在数月内接纳了超过70万难民并设法保障他们人身安全，在当下这已是人道主义最有目共睹的里程碑般的行为之一。然而难民的需求巨大。危机严重且紧迫。需要更多的国际援助投入其中。感谢孟加拉国政府、当地社区、联合国机构、非政府组织以及难民自身所付出的努力，救援行动已帮助罗兴亚难民们顺利度过了雨季，无人伤亡。

Yet, as you yourselves have seen they continue to live in squalid conditions. With only 33 per cent of the refugee operation funded-amounting to less than 70 cents per person per day-this is not surprising. Rather, it is quite embarrassing. Many Bangladeshi villagers living nearby with very little to call their own have been helping the Rohingya refugees over the past year.If people with so little can step up, why can’t we do better?

然而，正如你们所见，难民们仍旧只能生活在那些肮脏不堪的环境里，只有33%的难民援助行动获得了资金支持，相当于每人每天不到70美分，这并不意外。然而，让人感到无地自容的是，居住在难民营附近的孟加拉村民们，尽管他们自身生活也很贫困，这些年来，却仍然不断在为罗兴亚难民们提供帮助。生活贫困如他们都能出手相助，我们为何不能做到更好？

Refugees need to feed their families. They need clean water and sanitation facilities to wash, to cook, to clean. They need a secure shelter to weather the monsoons and the heat. Their children need an education. Their grandparents need to be cared for. But they need more than just food and water, informal schools, temporary shelter. They need a future.

难民们需要养活自己和家人。他们需要干净的水源和卫生设施赖洗漱、做饭和清洁。他们需要安全的避难所赖抵御季风和高温。他们的孩子需要接受教育。他们的祖父母们需要医疗照顾。但他们需要的不止是食物和水，也不止是非正式学校和临时避难所。他们需要的是美好的未来。

In the refugee settlements of Bangladesh today, women who were raped in Myanmar are now giving birth to children. These children, already burdened by statelessness are likely to carry this stigma for the rest of their lives.So many women, like Laila, along with their children continue to be vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. Many are still battling the scars of trauma and injury they received before and during their flight to Bangladesh.

如今在孟加拉国的难民营里，那些当年曾在缅甸惨遭枪击案的妇女也都已怀孕生子。他们的孩子从刚出生起便被无国籍的身份所拖累，很可能在他们的余生中都一直背负着这一耻辱。太多太多的女性难民和她们的孩子，比如莱拉，仍然要面对虐待和伤害，手无缚鸡之力。她们当中的很多人至今仍挣扎于在缅甸和后来流亡孟加拉的途中所遭受的暴行创伤之中。

It is imperative that governments, development and humanitarian agencies, the private sector and individuals work in solidarity to find innovation to help the refugees and the Bangladeshi host communities.

各国政府、发展组织及人道主义机构、私营机构还有个人，都必须团结一心，去发掘更创新更有效的方式去帮助罗兴亚难民和孟加拉国的难民社区。

Mr. President, The focus of all our efforts must be to provide much-needed support inside Bangladesh whilst working to ensure conditions in Myanmar are conducive to return. The many refugees that I spoke with consider Myanmar their home, but they have real, deep fears about returning there. The denial of their rights to move; their right to marry; their right to work; their right to health care and education, renders them amongst the most vulnerable people on the planet. Refugees move back home when it is safe and secure to do so. The Rohingya cannot return to the very conditions they were forced to flee. They cannot settle for half solutions. They must know that they belong. A clear pathway to full citizenship is essential.

主席先生，我们所有人努力的重点必须是为身处孟加拉国的难民提供急需的帮助，与此同时，也要致力于改善缅甸的生存环境，让这些难民最终得以回家。许多难民都告诉我，缅甸才是他们自己真正的家，但一想到返回缅甸，他们内心便充满了深深的恐惧。在那里，他们被剥夺了自由迁徙的权利，也被剥夺了结婚和工作的自主选择权，甚至无法获得最最基本的医疗和教育，这也让罗兴亚难民成为全世界最易受到伤害的弱势群体。只有完全保障他们的人身安全，难民们才能安心回到祖国。可按照当前状况，罗兴亚难民还无法回到他们当初逃离的家园。解决方案谈得半半拉拉，如何能让他们安心定居？他们迫切想要知道自己究竟归属何地。为他们恢复正式公民身份扫清障碍，这至关重要。

This is not a luxury. This is not a privilege. This is a basic right that all of us here enjoy. A right that the Rohingya do not have.

这并不是奢望。更不是所谓的特权。这是我们在座每个人都享有的最基本的权利。而罗兴亚难民却连基本权利都无法得到。

I implore this Council not to forget this imperative and to support all efforts to make it a reality. And in the meantime to encourage more robust international support required to meet urgent pressing needs within Bangladesh.

我恳请安理会牢记势在必行的使命，付出实际行动，帮助他们实现基本人权。与此同时，也为他们呼吁更多强而有力的国际援助以满足身处孟加拉国的难民最最迫切的需求。

My mind often returns to Laila and her neighbours. Did she find out what happened to her husband? Did her shared temporary shelter survive the monsoons? Did she manage to celebrate Eid last week? Will her young son Yousuf be able to return home in Myanmar and go to school one day? Or like Gul Zahar, will he too suffer an endless cycle of fear and forced displacement.

莱拉和她的邻居们仍然时常浮现在我的脑海中。她究竟有没有找到失踪丈夫的下落？她那个临时搭建的避难所能否挨得过难熬的雨季？她上周有没有庆祝伊斯兰教开斋节？她的儿子尤素夫能否回到缅甸老家？是不是有朝一日可以去上学读书？他会不会像古尔·扎哈尔那样，也被这种无止境的颠沛流离的残酷循环苦苦折磨？

Mr. President, together, we need to change the future of laila, of Yousuf, of Gul Zahar, and of all the Rohingya living in Myanmar, in Bangladesh and beyond. There are no short cuts. There are no alternatives. We have failed the Rohingya before. Please, let us not fail them again.

主席先生，让我们共同携手，改编莱拉、尤素夫和古尔·扎哈尔的未来吧！以及生活在缅甸和孟加拉国的所有罗兴亚人的未来。我们没有捷径可走。我们没有备选方案。我们曾经辜负过罗兴亚人民的期望。我们决不能让他们再次陷入失望境地。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。