2018年耶鲁大学校长毕业典礼演讲

文本加翻译，我自己翻译的，忍者看，有错请指点。

Graduates of the Class of 2018, family members, and friends. It’s a pleasure to be here with you today, a day filled with joy for the present and hope for the future. 
2018届毕业生、家长们和朋友们。很高兴今天能和你们在一起，今天充满了欢乐，明天满怀希望。

There is a wonderful Yale tradition that I would like to honor right now:
现在我将履行耶鲁的光荣传统：

May I ask all of the families and friends here today to rise and recognize the outstanding – and graduating – members of the Class of 2018?
请在坐的家长和朋友们起立，向杰出的2018届毕业生致敬。

Well, that was enthusiastic. 
很好，很热情。

May I now ask the Class of 2018 to consider for a moment all those who have supported your arrival at this milestone, and please rise and recognize them?
现在请2018届的同学们考虑一下所有那些支持你到达今天的人，请起立并向他们致敬。

Thank you!
谢谢！

These are the months and years when people tend to make a lot of plans. Some are practical: you schedule flights and rent apartments and consider where you will live, work, or study after graduation. Others are more aspirational: you imagine your future life and what you wish to accomplish in the years ahead.

人们总是倾向于制定很多计划。有些是实用的：比如你安排航班和租公寓，考虑你毕业后在哪里生活、工作或学习。还有其他更大的抱负：想象自己未来的生活，以及在未来的岁月里实现什么目标。

I want to begin by sharing a passage Pauli Murray wrote in 1945 about her aspirations. At the time, she was a young lawyer and civil rights activist. Here is the quotation: 
我想先分享一篇保罗默里在1945年写的关于她的愿望的文章。当时，她是一名年轻的律师和民权活动家。这是引文：

“I intend to destroy segregation by positive and embracing methods,” Murray wrote. “When my brothers try to draw a circle to exclude me, I shall draw a larger circle to include them. Where they speak out for the privileges of a puny group, I shall shout for the rights of all mankind.” 

“我打算用积极的方法来摧毁种族隔离，”默里写道。“当我的兄弟们试图画一个圆圈来排斥我时，我将画一个更大的圆圈来包容他们。”他们为小群体的特权大声疾呼，我将为全人类争取权利。”

So, I ask you: How large will you draw your circle?

因此，我问你们：你们会画多大的圈？

Will you draw a circle that is large, inclusive, and vibrant? Or will it be small, “puny,” and privileged?

你会画一个包容,充满活力的大圈子？还是一个拉帮结派的小圈子？

The work of inclusion is difficult, but the rewards are great.

包容很困难，但未来的回报却很大。

Let me suggest ways you might follow the example of Pauli Murray – and many other Yale graduates – when you leave campus.

当你们离开校园以后，我建议你们向Pauli Murray和耶鲁的毕业生学习。

First, make sure your circles are truly large.

首先，确保你花的圈足够大。

In today’s world, where you can have 700 followers on Twitter and a thousand friends on Facebook, it may seem easy to have a large circle. But if you’re bombarded with the same stories, the memes, and the same opinions from all your so-called friends, then your world may in fact be quite narrow. A conversation with six friends in real life actually may lead to a greater variety of ideas and perspectives.

今天的世界，你可以在Twitter上拥有700名关注者，在Facebook上有上千个好友，在这个世界上，拥有一个大的圈子似乎很容易。但是如果你和朋友拥有同样的故事，相同的观点，那么你的世界实际上可能是非常狭隘的。在现实生活中与六个朋友的对话实际上可能会带来更加丰富的想法和观点。

In my years at Yale, I have been privileged to know some of the most brilliant minds in the world. I have learned that the greatest scholars draw the largest circles. They read widely and are interested in ideas well beyond the scope of their own research and their own beliefs.

我在耶鲁的这些年里，我有幸结识了一些世界上最聪明的人。我了解到，最伟大的学者画出的最大的圈子。他们广泛阅读，对超出他们自己的研究和理念以外的优秀的观点很感兴趣。

Robert Dahl, who was a Sterling Professor of Political Science, taught at Yale for forty years. One of the most respected political scientists of his generation, Professor Dahl was an authority on democracy and on democratic institutions. And he was a beloved teacher and mentor.

Robert Dahl是一位优秀的政治学教授，他在耶鲁大学任教40年。Dahl教授是他这一代最受尊敬的政治学家之一，他是民主和民主制度的权威。他是一位受人爱戴的老师和导师。

After his death in 2014 at the age of 98, tributes from his former students poured in. One of his graduate students, Jeffrey Isaac, recalled how he vehemently disagreed with some of Dahl’s arguments, even though he loved taking his class. For his dissertation, Isaac proposed writing a critique of Dahl’s theories. Much to his surprise, the most enthusiastic and supportive member of the faculty in the Department of Politic Science was Dahl himself! He agreed to supervise the dissertation.

他在2014年去世，享年98岁，他以前的学生们纷纷向他表示哀悼。他的一名研究生Jeffrey Isaac回忆起他对Dahl的一些观点的反对，尽管他喜欢上他的课。在他的论文中，Isaac提出了对达尔理论的批判。令他惊讶的是，在政治系，最热情、最支持他的人是Dahl本人！他同意担任自己的论文导师。

Isaac wrote, “Bob Dahl spent countless hours in his office talking with me about my principal theoretical antagonist – him! We would discuss this guy ‘Dahl’ in the third person, we consider the limits of his arguments, we speculate about how he might respond to my arguments.” 

Isaac写到：Bob Dahl 花费大量时间在办公室里和我讨论论文的观点，以及要反驳的人---他自己。我们客观的讨论这个人，以及他论点的局限性。

Professor Dahl embraced his critics, listened to them, and conversed with them, a model of open and engaged scholarship and teaching – the best we can aspire to at Yale.

Dahl教授接受了他的批评，倾听他们的观点，并与他们交谈，这是一种开放的、积极的学术和教学模式——这是我们在耶鲁所能追求的最好的东西。

The lesson extends beyond our campus. Our greatest challenges as a society – climate change, poverty, insecurity, violence – demand innovative and creative solutions. Yet, political polarization is making it more difficult than ever to solve these problems. We must be able to talk with our opponents even though we disagree with them.

这一课超出了我们的校园范围。作为社会，我们面临的最大挑战——气候变化、贫困、动荡和暴力——需要创新和创造性的解决方案。然而，政治上的两极分化使得解决这些问题比以往任何时候都更加困难。即使我们不同意他们的观点，我们也必须能够与我们的对手对话。

、

We might start by emulating Professor Dahl – and so many other wise and generous thinkers who have drawn large circles and so added to the sum of human understanding.

我们可以效仿 Dahl教授和其他睿智通达的思想家，画一个大圈来增加人类的认知水平。

My second piece of advice – and here, I am taking some liberties with the metaphor – is to draw as many circles as you can.

我的第二条建议，尽你所能，画出更多的圈来。

One circle will be your work. Make sure you enjoy it, but make sure you have other circles as well.

确保你有一个喜欢的工作圈，还要确保你有其他的圈子

We know one of the keys to happiness is developing a passion – even an expertise – outside of work. Sharing that passion with others gives us great joy, and it connects us to circles of friends and associates who might be very different from the ones we would meet otherwise.

我们知道，幸福的关键之一是在工作之外培养一种爱好——甚至是一种专业技能。与他人分享这种爱好给我们带来巨大的快乐，它将我们与朋友和同事的圈子联系在一起，他们可能与我们遇到的那些人截然不同。

As many of you are aware, I am quite passionate about music from the Appalachian Mountain region. My love of traditional country and bluegrass music has allowed me to visit places such as southwest Virginia and eastern Kentucky. 

你们很多人都知道，我对来自阿那达山地区的音乐充满热情。我对传统乡村音乐和蓝草音乐的热爱，可以带我了解一些地方，比如西南弗吉尼亚西南部和肯塔基东部。

It has allowed me to chair the board of the International Bluegrass Music Museum, and to play bass – for thirty years now – with the Professors of Bluegrass. It enables me to share stories and songs with perfect strangers at summertime bluegrass festivals. 

它让我可以担任国际蓝草音乐博物馆的董事会主席，并与蓝草的教授们一起演奏了30年的贝斯。它使我能够在夏季蓝草节上与完全陌生的人分享故事和歌曲。

Most significantly, though, it has led to circles of friendship beyond the towns in which I grew up, beyond the universities I attended, and beyond my profession of psychology.

然而，最重要的是，它已经引领我走向成长的城镇之外的朋友圈，超越了我所就读的大学，超越了我的心理学专业。

I am, of course, proud to be a psychologist, and my discipline in fact does provide some empirical evidence to support my personal experience.

当然，我很自豪能成为一名心理学家，而我的学科确实提供了一些经验证据来支持我的个人经历。

Patricia Linville is a social psychologist who studies how people think of themselves and how these self-perceptions influence well-being. She is now at Duke, but she was my teacher here at Yale when she completed several studies of what she terms “self-complexity.”

Patricia Linville是一位社会心理学家，她研究人们如何看待自己，以及这些自我认知如何影响幸福感。她现在在杜克大学，但她是我在耶鲁的老师，她还完成了几项关于她所说的“自我复杂性”的研究。

Greater “self-complexity,” according to Linville, means a person has many aspects of themselves. In other words, they draw many circles. For example, a woman who thinks of herself as a student, a marathon runner, a theater-goer, a reader of the New Yorker magazine, and – let’s say – a bass player in a bluegrass band would demonstrate greater self-complexity than someone who thinks of himself only as a lawyer.

根据林维尔的说法，更大的“自我复杂性”意味着一个人有很多方面。换句话说，他们画了很多圈。举个例子，一个认为自己是学生的女人，一个马拉松运动员，一个看戏剧的人，一个纽约客杂志的读者，还有——比方说——一个蓝草乐队的贝斯手，会比那些只认为自己是律师的人表现出更大的自我复杂性。

Professor Linville, in her research, found that greater self-complexity acts as a “buffer” against negative experiences. For example, if you define yourself almost entirely in terms of your job, getting passed over for a promotion might be devastating for your sense of self-worth. Linville calls this “putting all your eggs in one cognitive basket.” People such as our marathon-running bass player, on the other hand, bounce back more quickly after a setback. Linville even found that college students with greater self-complexity were less likely to get sick or experience depression or stress. 

Linville教授在她的研究中发现，更大的自我复杂性可以作为对抗消极经历的“缓冲”。举个例子，如果你几乎完全按照你的工作来定义自己，那么被升职可能会对你的自我价值感造成毁灭性的打击。林维尔称之为“把所有的鸡蛋放在一个认知篮子里”。“另一方面，像我们马拉松式的贝斯手这样的人在遭遇挫折后会更快地恢复过来。”林维尔甚至发现，拥有更大的自我复杂性的大学生不太可能生病或经历抑郁或压力。

Third and finally, let me suggest one important way we can expand our circles – by reaching out and engaging with others.
第三点也是最后一点，我给你们一个最重要的建议，我们可以通过与他人接触和交流来扩大我们的圈子。

Here, I would like to turn again to Pauli Murray and one of her more surprising relationships.
在这里，我想再次提及Pauli Murray和他的令人意外的关系。

Murray’s papers contain thousands of letters – a reflection of a full life, animated by many interests, commitments, and relationships. A life of many circles.
默里的论文包含了成千上万的信件——反映了被许多兴趣、承诺和关系所激发完整的生活。有许多圈子的生活。

During her time at Yale Law School, Murray received a letter from William S. Beinecke, a member of the Yale College Class of 1936. Now that name will sound familiar to everyone here. The Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library is named for William’s father and two uncles, and many other programs and places at Yale have benefited from the family’s remarkable philanthropy.
在耶鲁大学法学院读书期间，默里收到了威廉s贝纳克的一封信，他是1936年耶鲁大学毕业班的学生。现在这个名字听起来很熟悉。Beinecke稀有图书和手稿图书馆以威廉的父亲和两个叔叔的名字命名，耶鲁的许多其他项目和地点都受益于这个家庭卓越的慈善事业。

Bill Beinecke passed away just last month; he was nearly 104 years old – in fact, Tuesday’s his birthday. In 1963, when he wrote Murray, he was chairman of the Sperry and Hutchison Company, a venerable American company founded by his grandfather. (Your parents and grandparents may remember S&H Green Stamps – Sperry and Hutchison.) Beinecke was a leader in corporate America and a wealthy and powerful man.
Bill Beinecke上个月刚刚去世;他已经快104岁了——事实上，星期二是他的生日。1963年，当他写默里的时候，他是Sperry和和记黄埔的董事长，这是一家由他的祖父创立的可敬的美国公司。（你的父母和祖父母可能还记得S&H绿色邮票——斯佩里和和记黄埔。）Beinecke是美国企业界的领袖，也是一位富有而有权势的人。

He had met Murray at an event at Yale, and not long after that, he wrote her a letter. He enclosed a clipping from Time magazine about race relations in the United States and he asked Murray what she thought.
他在耶鲁大学的一个活动上遇到了默里，不久之后，他给她写了一封信。他附上了时代杂志关于美国种族关系的剪报，他问默里她是怎么想的。

Murray responded. A few weeks later, he sent her another article and asked her opinion again, this time about school integration. She wrote back. At one point, Murray wrote Beinecke a four-page, single-spaced, typed letter on what she called the “imponderables on the issue of race.” Their correspondence continued for weeks, with interesting and frank letters on both sides.
穆雷回应道。几周后，他又给她发了一篇文章，再次问了她的意见，这次是关于学校的整合。她写道。有一次，默里写了一篇四页的、单行距的、打字的信，上面写着她所谓的“关于种族问题的不可理解的东西”。他们的通信持续了好几个星期，双方都有一些有趣而又坦率的信件。

Beinecke and Murray – both exemplars of the Yale tradition – were able to sustain a conversation despite differences in gender, differences in family background, differences in race, differences in class, and much more. We don’t know whether or not they entirely agreed with one another, but we can imagine they learned a lot from the exchange. All because two individuals decided to reach beyond their normal circles.
Beinecke和Murray——这两个耶鲁传统的典范——都能够维持一段对话，尽管性别差异、家庭背景差异、种族差异、阶级差异等等。我们不知道他们是否完全同意对方的意见，但我们可以想象他们从这次交流中学到了很多东西。这一切都是因为两个人决定超越他们的正常圈子。

Beinecke’s decision to write Murray did not take place in a vacuum. In the 1950s, he attended a discussion at Yale Law School on the topic of American race relations. Not long after, he decided to look into Sperry and Hutchinson’s hiring practices. He learned that the employment agency vetting applications for his company was screening out African Americans, removing them from the pool before their applications ever reached Sperry & Hutchinson. Beinecke ended the practice.
Beinecke决定写默里并不是在真空中进行的。20世纪50年代，他参加了耶鲁大学法学院的一场关于美国种族关系的讨论。不久之后，他决定调查斯佩里和哈金森的招聘行为。他了解到，职业介绍所审查他的公司的申请是在筛选非裔美国人，在他们的申请到达斯佩里和哈金森之前把他们从泳池里清除出去。 Beinecke终止了这种做法。

He also supported scholarships for underprivileged high school students and established a fellowship for students of color at Yale Law School. It was in the course of this work that he met Murray and initiated their correspondence, hoping to bridge the gulf that separated his experience from hers.

他还为贫困的高中生提供奖学金，并在耶鲁大学法学院设立了一个有色人种学生奖学金。正是在这项工作的过程中，他遇到了默里，并开始了他们的通信，希望能弥合他与她的经历之间的鸿沟。

Bill Beinecke’s life was made up of different circles. He led efforts to improve New York’s Central Park, he supported environmental causes, he was dedicated to the game of golf, and he remained an ardent champion of Yale and its students, among the other interests.

比尔比内克的生活是由不同的圈子组成的。他领导了改善纽约中央公园的努力，他支持环保事业，他致力于高尔夫运动，他仍然是耶鲁大学及其学生的热心拥护者，还包括其他的兴趣爱好。

And what about Pauli Murray, who as a young person promised to “draw a larger circle” in her life? One month after writing her last letter to Bill Beinecke, she participated in the historic March on Washington, which she helped organize. While finishing her Doctor of Jurisprudence degree here at Yale, she drafted an influential legal memo, helping to ensure that “sex” was included in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Murray’s other circles included writing poetry and teaching. At the age of 67, she became the first African-American woman ordained as an Episcopal priest, continuing her lifelong commitment to reconciliation and understanding.

那么，作为一个年轻人，他承诺在她的生活中“画一个更大的圈子”，那又如何呢？在给比尔拜内克写完最后一封信的一个月后，她参加了在华盛顿举行的历史性的游行，她帮助组织了这次游行。在耶鲁大学完成法学博士学位时，她起草了一份有影响力的法律备忘录，帮助确保“性”在1964年的民权法案中得到了体现。默里的其他圈子包括写诗和教学。在67岁的时候，她成为了第一位被任命为圣公会牧师的非裔美国妇女，继续她的终身通讯。

Enlarging our circles is far from easy. It requires courage, but also imagination and curiosity about our fellow human beings. It rejects fear and suspicion. It demands that we listen to each other. It measures the limits of our humanity.

扩大我们的圈子绝非易事。它需要勇气，但也需要想象力和对我们人类同胞的好奇心。它拒绝恐惧和怀疑。它要求我们互相倾听。它衡量我们人性的极限。

Both Pauli Murray and Bill Beinecke drew such large circles – and so many circles – that their lives intersected. I urge you to do the same. Draw many circles; make them large in all kinds of ways. You will find life richer, fuller, and more meaningful, and you will bring to the world the empathy and understanding we so desperately need.
泡利默里和比尔拜内克都画了这么大的圈子——还有很多圈子——他们的生活交织在一起。我建议你们也这么做。画许多圆圈;让它们以各种方式变得更大。你会发现生活更丰富、更充实、更有意义，你会给这个世界带来我们迫切需要的同理心和理解。

Members of the Class of 2018, it is time to leave the garden and go into the woods (worlds), please rise. 
2018届的同学们，是时候离开花园，进入森林（世界）了，请起立。

As you go on to a “world that is all before you hand in hand with wandering steps and slow,” bring to that world all that your Yale education has given you: the ability to engage critically even while listening respectfully, to respond creatively to challenges and obstacles; to embrace your responsibilities while finding happiness, and to draw ever-wider circle – the circle of belonging, the circles of understanding in this world.
当你走到一个“在你手牵着手，慢慢前进的世界之前”的世界，把你的耶鲁教育给你的所有东西带到这个世界：在倾听的同时，批判性地参与，对挑战和障碍做出创造性的回应;在寻找幸福的同时，拥抱你的责任，并画出更广阔的圈子——这是一个属于你的圈子，是这个世界上的理解圈。

We are delighted…we are delighted to salute your accomplishments, and we are proud of your achievements. Remember, though, to give thanks for all that has brought you to this day. And go forth from this place with grateful hearts, paying back the gifts you have received here by using your minds, your voices, and your hands to strengthen your new communities and the world.

我们很高兴。我们很高兴向你的成就致敬，我们为你的成就感到骄傲。不过，要记住，要感谢今天带给你的一切。然后带着感恩的心离开这个地方，用你的思想，你的声音，和你的双手来回报你在这里所得到的礼物，以加强你的新社区和世界。

Congratulations, Class of 2018! 

恭喜,2018级毕业生!