【英文版07】Malcolm Gladwell:Master Your Craft

【英文版07】Malcolm Gladwell:Master Your Craft

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【Background】

【背景介绍】

 

Master Your Craft: How to Get Over Yourself and Get to Work, with Malcolm Gladwell, Bestselling Author and Staff Writer, The New Yorker

 

大家好,今天我们请到了著名作家、《纽约客》杂志撰稿人马尔科姆·格拉德威尔。今天的课程中,我们将会学习如何在失败后振作起来,继续前进。

 

As Malcolm Gladwell – author of numerous New York Times bestselling books – points out, mastery and popularity are sometimes linked, but often they are not. If your goal is to become masterful at what you do, the formula is really quite simple: stay focused and do your time. This is the theory behind the 10,000 Hours Rule that Gladwell made famous.

 

有时你的实力和它能给你带来的名望有所关联,但大多数情况下并非如此。如果你的目标是在工作上得心应手,提升实力,那方法非常简单,就是专心致志,做你的事,这就是“一万小时成功法则”背后的道理,也是格拉德威尔著名的方法论。

 

Worrying about whether you’re being recognized for your efforts, i.e. popularity, is a product of the ego, not to mention a distraction. . . . So get over yourself and get to work!

 

但是,如果你始终在担心自己的努力得不到认可,比如说担心自己不能为人所知,那这其实是自我执念的产物,而且还会使你分心。所以你应该做的是振作起来,踏踏实实地继续前进。

 

让我们来听听,格拉德威尔是如何理解成功和失败的。

 

【Course】

【课程】

 

The kind of notion that geniuses, people who are extraordinarily good, invariably have put in an extraordinary amount of effort, this notion of the 10,000 hour rule, that anyone who has mastered a cognitively complex field has almost always put in this extraordinary level of practice first – So that says, in order to be good at what you do, you need to be obsessive in your preparation. But that is a very separate issue from what makes somebody popular. So mastery is one thing; success and popularity are another. They are sometimes linked, but often they’re not.

 

我们所说的天才,也就是那些达到了常人难以达到的成就的人,通常也付出了异于常人的努力。这也就是我说的“一万小时成功法则”:在一个公认的高难度的领域,一个人想要成为这个领域的专家,通常都要先付出超乎常人的努力。换句话说,要想做好一件事,就得先做好充分的准备。但是,你所付出的努力,和你能通过这件事获得多少知名度是两回事。也就是说,,实力是一回事,功成名就是另一回事。这二者有时候互相关联,但更多时候是不能混为一谈的。

 

Don’t sit around waiting to be recognized.

不要眼巴巴地等着被认

 

Clive Davis, one of the greatest music executives of all time, the guy who discovered so many artists, when he was hiring someone, A&R people, he would say to them, he would ask them to bring in five songs that they thought should be hits, but weren’t, and if he agreed with them, if he heard those five songs and said, “You’re right, that should have been a hit,” he’d hire the person. But implicit in that notion was that the universe of songs that could have been hits was way greater than the universe of songs that were hits. In other words, he thought there was lots of stuff out there he thought was fantastic that never saw the light of day. And that’s, to me, there is a lot of truth in that, that we- that popularity is only a tiny fraction of the universe of things that are great.

 

我想讲一个关于克莱夫·戴维斯的故事。戴维斯是有史以来最杰出的音乐制作人之一,发掘了无数艺术家的“金耳朵”。他在为A&R部门招聘时,要求应聘者带来五首他们认为本应该声名大噪实际却寂寂无名的歌曲,如果戴维斯在听过这五首歌之后深表赞同,这位应聘者就会被录用。这个故事的言下之意是,值得风靡的好歌远比最后成名了的歌曲要多得多。换句话说,戴维斯认为,除了已经成名的歌曲,世上还有很多好东西被埋没,寂寂无名,不见天日。对我来说,这个故事里包含着一个真相,那就是在众多的好东西当中,能够流行的只是其中很小的一部分。

 

Check your inner critic: get clear on what failure really is.

问问己:你清楚自己为什么失败吗?

 

Choking is the kind of failure that results from thinking too much, so I know what to do and I’ve in fact, I know I’ve mastered a task so well that I do it without thinking. I hit a tennis ball, I’m a great tennis player. When I hit my forehand I don’t even think about it, I just hit my forehand, but then I’m at match point against this ferocious competitor and all the pressure in the world is on me and all the sudden when I go to hit my forehand I think about it, right, and that sort of takes me out of that unconscious zone that is necessary for excellence and I fail and we see it again and again with athletes. With the game on the line in basketball and you’re doing the foul shot, all the sudden something you’ve done a thousand times in your life you kind of unconsciously you think about every single moment of it and you can’t do it that way.

 

要想成功,我们先要理解失败的原因究竟是什么。有一种失败叫窒息式失败,造成这种失败的原因是想得太多。有的时候,我知道我会做一件事,而且可以说已经到了得心应手的地步,不假思索就可以做好。比如说我是一个很厉害的网球选手,要打出一记正手击球根本不用费什么心思,挥拍就行了。但是当我到了赛点,对手气势汹汹,全世界的压力都压在我肩上,这时我要打一个正手球,忽然之间我开始犹豫了,开始思考了,这种思考在某种程度上让我脱离了之前的那种不假思索的潜意思状态,那个可以帮助我打出完美正手球的潜意思状态,于是我输了。这在运动员身上是非常常见的。当一场篮球比赛进行到了千钧一发的决胜时刻,胜负定于一个罚球,忽然,这个球员开始不自觉地回想他从前是如何做出这个动作的,明明这个动作他可能已经成功过无数遍,在那一刻,他失误了。

 

Panicking is the opposite. It’s the kind of failure that comes from an absence of knowledge. I’m in a tight spot and I don’t know what to do. I’ve never practiced it. I’ve never been - I’m driving down the road and my car slips on the ice and I have absolutely no clue about how to correct a slide, never happened to me before. I’m 17 years-old. What happens? I panic.

 

而另一种失败,恐慌式失败,却截然不同。造成这种失败的原因往往是想的太少。我们可能遇到过这种情况:我处在困境中,但我不知道该怎么办,因为我没有做这件事的经验。打个比方,我在路上开车,忽然我把车开到了冰面上,车胎打滑了,我完全不知道怎么办,因为我从没经历过这样的事,我才17岁,这是怎么回事?这就是恐慌式失败。

 

So those are at opposite ends of the spectrum of failure. One is the kind of failure that afflicts people who are good at what they do and the other is the kind of failure that afflicts people who are inexperienced, who are not good at what they do. And sometimes I think we conflate these two things and we accuse the person who chokes of being a novice, of not having prepared, but in fact, no, no, no, they’re prepared. In fact, they’re prepared so well that for a particular kind of activity that when they’re outside of that kind of unconscious zone they’re lost, whereas the person who is panicking they are actually, they can be accused of a lack of preparation. They haven’t done the necessary, gone through the necessary training and experience to be able to handle this sort of tight situation. So I think that one is a kind of choking, it’s honorable failure and panicking is dishonorable failure. And I think it’s important to maintain a bright line between those two things.

 

这两种失败就像失败的两个极端。前者伤害的是那些本来在工作上得心应手,实力强劲的人,后者挫败的是那些经验不足,本就手生的人。我们有时会把这二者混为一谈,责怪那些经历了窒息式失败的人没有做好准备工作,事实上他们不仅准备了,还准备得极其充足,甚至到了烂熟于心,不假思索就可以做好的地步,可是一旦他们被拉出了那个潜意识的状态,反而做不好了。其实真正应该接受这种批评的,是那些遭受恐慌式失败的人。他们没有做好该做的事,没有经过足够的练习,没有足够的经验来解决困局。所以我认为,窒息式失败是值得敬佩的,而恐慌式失败却是可耻的。而且我认为我们非常有必要在这两种失败之间划清界限。

 

Take responsibility for that which you can control; forgive yourself for that which you can’t.

做好可以掌控的事放下不可掌控事。

 

Panic is the responsibility of the actor. If you get up to give a speech and you’re overcome with stage fright and you can’t do it, that’s panic and that is your fault. You didn’t practice enough. You didn’t take it seriously. You didn’t take steps to address your stage fright before you got up onstage. You probably knew that you found public speaking terrifying yet you chose to kind of ignore or not take that possibility seriously.

 

恐慌式失败是失败者自己的责任。如果你要去做演讲,但却怯场了,你被这种恐惧淹没了,因此无法完成你的演讲,这就是恐慌式失败,而且这是你自己的错。你练得不够多,态度不够认真,上台前没有想办法解决你的怯场。上台之前你很可能就知道你会怯场,但你某种程度上忽视了这件事,没有认真对待怯场的可能性。

 

Choking is very different. When I watch an athlete in a moment of pressure miss a putt or double fault on a serve I understand that they may have practiced as much as anyone in the world, but they were in this kind of surreal situation that you really can’t prepare for.

 

但窒息式失败和恐慌式失败大相径庭。一个运动员可能在千钧一发之际挥杆失误或者双发失误,但我知道他们不比世上任何人练得少,只是他们所面对的是如此危急的情况,在这种情况下,做多少准备都不够。

 

You can’t prepare for the 18th hole of Sunday at The Masters. You can’t prepare for your first Wimbledon final. There is no- you can’t practice that, so there is that case where we need be more forgiving and that is when we say- when we look at a sport team that chokes its first two times in the final we say you know what, they need experience and they’ll be back and they’ll do better the next time. Michael Jordan’s Bulls failed for years before they succeeded because it takes awhile to accumulate those kinds of extreme experiences and prepare yourself for them. The same cannot be said of panicking, which is much more of a kind of everyday sort of failure.

 

试想高尔夫选手面对大师赛第十八洞,网球选手第一次参加温网决赛,面对这些情境,你做多少准备都不够。你没法预演那种情况。所以在这种情况下,我们得学会体谅。当我们看到一支队伍在头两次参加决赛时遭遇了窒息式失败,我们应该说:嘿,他们只是需要点经验,他们还会回来的,他们下次会做得更好。要知道,即使是乔丹带领的公牛队,也是失败了很多年才成功的,因为他们需要在这种极端情况中积累经验,才能做好充分的准备。但这对恐慌式失败并不适用。相比而言,恐慌式失败更加常见,几乎每天都在发生。

 

Find a supportive learning community.

从学习社群中获取帮助

 

A lot of learning arises out of sharing, of being in environments where you’re surrounded by like-minded people who inspire you and push you and such. Individual creativity and productive collaboration, those two things go hand in hand.

 

很多情况下人是在分享中学习的,当你和志趣相投的人在一起,这些人会激励你,鞭策你进步。个人创造力和有效的协作相辅相成,缺一不可。

  

【Summary】

 【总结】

 

In this lesson, Gladwell teaches you how:

• Don’t sit around waiting to be recognized.

• Check your inner critic: get clear on what failure is.

• Take responsibility for that which you can control; forgive yourself for that which you

can’t.

• Find a supportive learning community.


在这节课中,格拉德威尔告诉我们,在不断精进自己的路上,你应该如何看待失败:

1.  不要眼巴巴地等着被认同。

很多时候,你所付出的努力,和你能通过这件事获得多少名声是两回事。在众多的好东西当中,能够为人所知的只是其中很小的一部分。大部分都寂寂无名。

2.  问问自己:你清楚自己为什么失败吗?

窒息式失败和恐慌式势必就像是失败的两个极端,窒息式失败是值得敬佩的,而恐慌式失败却是可耻的。因为他们没有做好该做的事,没有经过足够的练习,没有拥有足够的经验来解决困局。

3.  做好可以掌控的事,放下不可掌控的事。

4.  学会从学习社群中获取帮助。

 

本节目英文版音频和视频均由美国Big Think Edge 独家授权,中文版由喜马拉雅制作播出。感谢收听,我们下集节目再见!

 


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