中国历史上的英雄人物英文介绍

Shihuangdi or Shih Huang-ti orig. Zhao Zheng

born с 259 BC, Qin state, northwestern China

died 210 BC, Hebei province

Founder of the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC).

His father was king of Qin, which was regarded as barbarous by the central states of China but had developed a strong bureaucratic government under the philosophy of legali *** (see Hanfeizi). Aided by Li Si, Zheng eliminated the other states until in 221 BC Qin ruled supreme. He proclaimed himself Shihuangdi ("First Sovereign Emperor") and initiated reforms designed to create a fully centralized administration. He was interested in magic and alchemy, hoping for an elixir of immortality; his reliance on magicians was strongly condemned by Confucian scholars, many of whom he executed. The scholars also advocated a return to old feudal ways; their obstinacy led him to order the burning of all nonutilitarian books. Traditional histories regarded him as the ultimate villain, cruel, uncultivated, and superstitious. Modern historians stress the endurance of his bureaucratic and administrative structure. Though the Qin dynasty collapsed after his death, future dynasties adopted his structures. He was buried in a massive tomb with an army of more than 6,000 terra-cotta soldiers and horses.

秦始皇 [Shihuangdi]

亦作Shih Huang-ti。

本名赵政(Zhao Zheng)。

(259?中国西北地区 秦国～210BC,河北省)

秦朝(221～207BC)的创建者。

其父是秦国君王。

尽管中原国家认为秦国过于野蛮，但秦国仍然在法家(参阅韩非子〔Hanfeizi〕)思想的指导下，发展出强大的官僚 *** 。

赵政在李斯的协助下，于公元前221年之前，消灭了其它国家，取得最高的统治权。

他自称为「始皇帝」(第一位至高无上的皇帝)，发动改革，计划创造出一个完全中央集权的行政体系。

秦始皇帝对于法术与炼丹术颇有兴趣，希望求得长生不死的仙丹。

他对方士的信赖遭到儒家学者强烈谴责，其中许多儒生因此而被处决。

儒家学者并倡导回归到旧有的封建制。

由于他们毫不屈服，导致秦始皇下令焚烧所有非实用性的书籍。

在传统历史上一致认为他彻底的恶劣、残酷、粗野与迷信。

现代的历史学者则强调其官僚与管理架构的持久性。

虽然秦朝在秦始皇死亡后崩溃瓦解，但后世的朝代仍采用其行政架构。

秦始皇被埋葬在一座巨大的陵墓中，其中附带一支超过6,000具赤陶兵马俑所组成的军队。